Dubai’s Unique Geography and Landscapes

Published on October 2, 2025 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE), is a fascinating destination that blends modernity and tradition in the heart of the Middle East. Its unique geography, situated between desert and sea, makes it an exceptional location that attracts millions of visitors from around the world each year. Let’s dive into the details of this extraordinary destination’s geography.

Where is Dubai Located?

Dubai is situated on the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, along the Persian Gulf. The emirate is part of the United Arab Emirates, a federal country located in the eastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula. More specifically, Dubai is located in the northeastern part of the UAE, approximately 120 km northeast of the federal capital, Abu Dhabi.

Geographically, Dubai lies at the crossroads of three continents: Asia, Europe, and Africa. This strategic position has significantly contributed to its development as an international commercial and tourist hub. The exact geographical coordinates of Dubai city are: latitude 25°15’47” North and longitude 55°17’50” East.

Dubai’s Largest City

Dubai City is not only the largest city in the emirate of Dubai but also the most populous in the United Arab Emirates. With an estimated population of approximately 3.48 million residents in 2023, it significantly surpasses the federal capital Abu Dhabi in terms of population.

Dubai City spans an area of approximately 4,114 km², making it one of the largest cities in the UAE by area as well. This vast urban expanse includes both densely populated areas and ambitious development projects that continuously push the city’s boundaries further into the desert and sea.

Main Regions of Dubai

Although Dubai is primarily known for its namesake city, the emirate comprises several distinct regions, each with its own characteristics:

• Deira: This is the oldest part of Dubai, located on the eastern shore of Dubai Creek. It features traditional souks and many historic neighborhoods.
• Bur Dubai: Situated on the western shore of the creek, this area is home to the historic Bastakiya quarter and the Dubai Museum.
• New Dubai: This area includes modern developments along Sheikh Zayed Road, featuring the Burj Khalifa, Dubai Mall, and the financial district.
• Jumeirah: An upscale residential area along the coast, known for its beaches and luxury hotels.
• Dubai Marina: A modern district built around an artificial canal, famous for its skyscrapers and vibrant nightlife.
• Palm Jumeirah: An artificial palm-shaped island hosting luxury residences and world-renowned hotels.

Main Cities in the Emirate of Dubai

Although Dubai City largely dominates the emirate, there are other notable urban areas:

• Hatta: An enclave of the Dubai emirate located in the Hajar Mountains, approximately 115 km east of Dubai City. It’s a popular destination for outdoor activities and adventure tourism.
• Jebel Ali: A major free zone located about 35 km southwest of downtown Dubai, home to the world’s largest artificial port.
• Al Awir: A residential and industrial area east of Dubai City, known for its used car market.

Dubai’s Neighboring Countries

Dubai, as an integral part of the United Arab Emirates, shares borders with several countries:

• Saudi Arabia: The UAE’s largest neighbor, sharing borders to the south and west.
• Oman: Located to the east and northeast of the UAE, Oman shares a border with the Hatta enclave.
• Qatar: Although not sharing a direct land border with the UAE, Qatar is a close neighbor to the northwest, separated by the Persian Gulf.

Within the United Arab Emirates, Dubai is bordered by the following emirates:

• Sharjah: To the north and east of Dubai.
• Abu Dhabi: To the south of Dubai.

An Ever-Changing Landscape

Dubai’s geography is constantly evolving, primarily due to ambitious development projects undertaken by the emirate. Artificial islands like Palm Jumeirah and The World have literally transformed Dubai’s coastline, creating new spaces for real estate and tourism development.

The desert, which covers much of the emirate, is also being transformed. Projects like Dubai South, which hosts Expo 2020 Dubai and the new Al Maktoum International Airport, are extending the city further into the desert.

These bold developments have not only altered Dubai’s physical landscape but have also significantly impacted its ecology and local climate. Dubai’s authorities are increasingly aware of these challenges and are implementing sustainability initiatives to mitigate the environmental impact of this rapid growth.

Geographical Challenges and Innovative Solutions

Dubai’s unique geography presents both opportunities and challenges. The desert climate, with temperatures that can exceed 45°C in summer, has pushed engineers and architects to constantly innovate to create comfortable living spaces.

Freshwater scarcity is another major challenge. Dubai heavily relies on seawater desalination to meet its water needs. The emirate is investing heavily in more efficient and sustainable desalination technologies to ensure its long-term water supply.

Sea level rise due to climate change is also a growing concern, particularly for coastal developments and artificial islands. Dubai’s authorities take these threats seriously and are incorporating climate change adaptation measures into their long-term urban planning.

Conclusion

Dubai’s geography is a fascinating blend of natural landscapes and human engineering feats. From its skyscraper-lined coasts to its desert hinterland, and its iconic artificial islands, Dubai offers unique geographical diversity that continues to amaze visitors from around the world.

As the emirate continues its ambitious development, it’s clear that Dubai’s geography will continue to evolve and transform in the coming years. This dynamic of constant change, anchored in a millennia-old desert landscape, makes Dubai a truly unique destination in the world.