Cultural Differences to Know Before Moving to Estonia

Published on October 2, 2025 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Estonia, this small Baltic country nestled between the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland, is attracting more and more expatriates drawn by its digital modernity and quality of life. However, moving to a new country always involves adapting to a different culture. To help you integrate smoothly into Estonian society, here is a comprehensive guide to the cultural differences you should know before packing your bags for Tallinn or Tartu.

The Estonian Social Code: Between Reserve and Human Warmth

The first thing that often strikes newcomers to Estonia is the apparent reserve of the locals. Estonians are generally discreet and not very demonstrative in public. This attitude, which might be perceived as coldness by foreigners, is actually deeply rooted in the local culture.

Unlike some Mediterranean countries where effusiveness is common, Estonians favor a more measured approach in their social interactions. Small talk with strangers on public transportation or in lines is rare. Silence is not considered awkward but rather a mark of respect for others’ personal space.

However, this initial reserve should not be mistaken for rudeness or lack of interest. Once the ice is broken, Estonians often reveal themselves to be warm and loyal in friendship. It’s simply important to understand that building interpersonal relationships happens gradually and is based on mutual trust.

In professional settings, this reserve translates into direct and factual communication. Estonians value efficiency and get straight to the point, without embellishments or lengthy polite formulas. This communication style can sometimes be perceived as abrupt by foreigners, but it actually signifies respect for everyone’s time and skills.

Using the informal “you” is not as widespread as in France, for example. It’s preferable to wait for your conversation partner to suggest switching to the informal “you” before doing so yourself. When in doubt, opt for the formal “you,” especially in professional contexts or with older people.

Traditions and Customs: A Unique Blend of Old and Modern

Estonia is a country that has managed to preserve its traditions while embracing modernity. This duality is reflected in many aspects of daily life and celebrations.

St. John’s Day (Jaanipäev) is one of the most important holidays in the Estonian calendar. Celebrated on June 24th, it marks the summer solstice and gives rise to major festivities across the country. Estonians gather around bonfires, sing traditional songs, and jump over the flames for good luck. It’s the perfect opportunity for expatriates to immerse themselves in the local culture and build connections with their Estonian neighbors.

Sauna culture holds a central place in the lives of Estonians. More than just a place for relaxation, the sauna is a genuine social ritual. It’s not uncommon for informal business meetings or gatherings among friends to take place in a sauna. If you’re invited to share this experience, don’t hesitate to accept—it’s a sign of integration and trust.

Estonian cuisine, influenced by Nordic and Slavic traditions, is worth discovering. Black bread (rukkileib) is a staple food you’ll find on every table. Dishes based on fish, potatoes, and dairy products are also very popular. Don’t hesitate to try kama, a traditional flour mixed with yogurt or kefir, or kohuke, a fresh cheese dessert coated in chocolate.

Estonia is also known for its attachment to nature. Mushroom and berry picking in the forest is a highly popular activity in autumn. Participating in these outdoor outings is an excellent way to integrate and discover the beauty of Estonian landscapes.

Avoiding Faux Pas: Keys to Smooth Integration

To ensure successful integration in Estonia, here are some practical tips to avoid cultural misunderstandings:

1. Respect Punctuality: Estonians are very punctual and consider lateness a sign of disrespect. Always arrive on time, or even slightly early, for your professional or personal appointments.

2. Moderate Your Gestures and Voice Volume: In public places, Estonians appreciate quiet. Avoid speaking loudly or making grand gestures, as this could be perceived as rude or intrusive.

3. Be Patient in Building Relationships: Don’t be offended if your Estonian colleagues or neighbors seem distant at first. Trust builds gradually, and once established, relationships are generally strong and lasting.

4. Learn a Few Words of Estonian: Even though English is widely spoken, especially in big cities, making the effort to learn a few basic phrases in Estonian will always be appreciated. It will show your interest in the local culture.

5. Respect the Environment: Estonians are very attached to nature. Make sure to respect the environment, sort your waste, and adopt an eco-friendly lifestyle.

6. Be Open-Minded About Sauna Traditions: If you’re invited to a sauna, be aware that it’s common to go nude. However, if you’re not comfortable, it’s perfectly acceptable to keep a towel on.

7. Avoid Hasty Comparisons: Estonia has a complex history and a unique identity. Avoid systematically comparing it to Russia or other Baltic countries, as this could be poorly received.

8. Respect Personal Space: Estonians value their personal space. Avoid unnecessary physical contact, like hugs or cheek kisses, except with close friends.

9. Be Prepared for Winter: Estonian winters can be harsh. Invest in warm, quality clothing to fully enjoy this season, which offers many typical activities like skating on frozen lakes.

10. Embrace Digital Culture: Estonia is at the forefront of technology. Familiarize yourself with local digital services; they will make your daily life much easier.

Expatriating to Estonia offers a unique opportunity to discover a country both rooted in its traditions and resolutely forward-looking. By understanding and respecting the local cultural subtleties, you’ll ensure smooth integration into this fascinating society. Remember that open-mindedness and patience are your best allies in this adventure. Over time, you’ll discover the full richness and warmth of Estonian culture, well beyond the initial reserve.