Religious Practices in Spain: An Expat Guide

Published on October 2, 2025 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Spain, a country rich in history and traditions, offers a unique cultural experience for expatriates. Religion, deeply rooted in Spanish society, plays a crucial role in daily life and local celebrations. For expatriates settling in this Mediterranean country, understanding and respecting these religious practices is essential for successful integration. This article will guide you through the most important aspects of religious practices in Spain, helping you navigate this fascinating cultural landscape.

Spain’s Catholic Heritage

Catholicism, the Pillar of Spanish Culture

Spain has a long history linked to Catholicism, which has profoundly shaped its culture and traditions. Although the Spanish constitution guarantees freedom of religion and the state has been officially secular since 1978, Catholicism remains the dominant religion, with approximately 60% of the population identifying as Catholic.

This Catholic influence manifests in various ways in the daily lives of Spaniards. Churches are omnipresent in cities and towns, and many holidays and traditions have religious origins. For expatriates, it’s important to understand that even though not all Spaniards are practicing, Catholic culture permeates many aspects of society.

Impact on the Calendar and Holidays

The Spanish calendar is strongly influenced by Catholic holidays. Many national and regional holidays are linked to religious celebrations. For example, Holy Week (Semana Santa) is a particularly important period, with processions and celebrations throughout the country. Other major holidays include Christmas (Navidad), Epiphany (Día de los Reyes Magos), and All Saints’ Day (Día de Todos los Santos).

For expatriates, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with this religious calendar, as it can affect work schedules, business closures, and the availability of public services. Additionally, participating in these celebrations can be an excellent way to immerse yourself in the local culture and build connections with residents.

Major Religious Holidays in Spain

Holy Week: An Iconic Celebration

Holy Week, or “Semana Santa,” is arguably the most important religious celebration in Spain. It begins on Palm Sunday and ends on Easter Sunday. During this week, many Spanish cities organize impressive processions, where religious brotherhoods parade through the streets, carrying sacred statues and religious symbols.

Holy Week in Seville is particularly renowned, attracting visitors from around the world. The processions there are spectacular, with richly decorated “pasos” (platforms carrying religious statues) and penitents wearing traditional robes and hoods.

For expatriates, it’s an opportunity to experience a unique cultural event. Even if you’re not religious, attending these processions can be fascinating from a cultural and historical perspective. It’s important to respect the solemn atmosphere of these events and dress appropriately if you attend.

Christmas and Epiphany: Family Traditions and Festivities

The Christmas period in Spain extends from December 24th to January 6th, Epiphany Day. Unlike many Western countries, the highlight of the celebrations isn’t Christmas Day, but rather Epiphany, known as “Día de los Reyes Magos” (Day of the Three Kings).

On December 24th, “Nochebuena” (Christmas Eve) is typically celebrated with family over a large meal. December 25th is quieter, often reserved for family visits. On December 31st, “Nochevieja” (New Year’s Eve) is celebrated enthusiastically, culminating with the tradition of eating 12 grapes at midnight for good luck in the new year.

On the evening of January 5th, many cities organize Three Kings parades, where candy is distributed to children. January 6th, Epiphany Day, is when children traditionally receive their gifts, supposedly brought by the Three Kings.

For expatriates, participating in these celebrations can be an excellent way to integrate and understand Spanish culture. It’s also an opportunity to discover new culinary traditions, like “turrón” (Spanish nougat) or “roscón de reyes” (King’s cake).

Impact of Religious Practices on Daily Life

Schedules and Pace of Life

Religious practices in Spain have a subtle but significant influence on the daily pace of life. For example, Sunday generally remains a day of rest for many Spaniards, with many businesses closed, especially in small towns. This tradition, although gradually fading in large cities, remains important in many regions.

Additionally, work and meal schedules in Spain may seem shifted for many expatriates. The long lunch break, often from 2 PM to 4 PM, has both cultural and religious origins, dating back to a time when lunch was the main family meal of the day, often preceded by mass.

For expatriates, adapting to this rhythm may take time. It’s important to plan your days considering these schedules, especially during religious holidays when many services may be limited.

Dress Codes and Behavior

Although Spain has become more liberal in recent decades, some dress codes and behavioral norms linked to religious tradition persist, especially when visiting churches or participating in religious events.

When visiting churches or cathedrals, it’s respectful to dress modestly. Avoid overly revealing clothing or very short shorts. In some stricter places of worship, you may be asked to cover your shoulders or knees.

During religious processions, like those of Holy Week, it’s important to maintain a respectful attitude. Avoid speaking loudly, taking intrusive photos, or blocking the path of processions.

For expatriates, understanding and respecting these codes is essential for integrating harmoniously into Spanish society and avoiding cultural missteps.

Religious Freedom and Diversity in Spain

Legal Framework and Protection of Religious Freedom

Spain, although deeply marked by its Catholic heritage, is today a secular state that guarantees freedom of religion to all its citizens and residents. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 clearly establishes the separation of Church and State, while recognizing the historical and cultural importance of Catholicism in the country.

Article 16 of the Spanish Constitution guarantees ideological, religious, and worship freedom for individuals and communities. It also states that no denomination shall have a state character, thus ensuring the state’s neutrality in religious matters.

For expatriates, this means you have the right to freely practice your religion in Spain, whatever it may be. You are also protected against any discrimination based on your religious beliefs.

Growing Religious Diversity

Although Catholicism remains predominant, Spain is experiencing increasing diversification of its religious landscape. This evolution is partly due to immigration and a progressive secularization of society.

Muslim, Protestant, Orthodox, and Jewish communities are increasingly present, especially in large cities. For example, Madrid and Barcelona host mosques, synagogues, and churches of various denominations.

For non-Catholic expatriates, it’s generally possible to find places of worship corresponding to their religion in urban areas. However, in small towns or rural areas, options may be more limited.

Resources for Expatriates

Finding Places of Worship

For expatriates wishing to practice their religion in Spain, several resources are available:

• Online directories: Websites like “Iglesia.info” for Christian churches or “Webislam.com” for mosques can help you find places of worship near you.
• Embassies and consulates: Your embassy or consulate can often provide information about places of worship and religious communities of your denomination.
• Expatriate groups: Expatriate forums and groups on social media are often a good source of practical information.
• Local tourist offices: They may have information about historical or important places of worship in the region.

Adapting to Local Practices

For expatriates, adapting to local religious practices can be a challenge, but also an opportunity for cultural enrichment. Here are some tips:

• Inform yourself about the local religious holiday calendar to anticipate business closures and special events.
• Participate in local celebrations, even as a spectator, to better understand Spanish culture.
• Respect local customs, even if they differ from your own practices.
• Don’t hesitate to ask your Spanish colleagues or neighbors about their traditions – most will be happy to share their culture.

Conclusion: Embracing Cultural Diversity

Understanding and respecting local religious practices in Spain is a crucial step for any expatriate wishing to integrate harmoniously into Spanish society. Although Catholicism remains a major influence, modern Spain is an increasingly diverse and tolerant country in matters of religion.

As an expatriate, you have the unique opportunity to live and learn from this rich cultural tapestry. Whether you choose to actively participate in local religious celebrations or simply observe them with respect, this experience can greatly enrich your stay in Spain.

Remember that open-mindedness and mutual respect are the keys to harmonious coexistence. By embracing the cultural and religious diversity of Spain, you will not only experience easier integration but also discover the depth and richness of Spanish culture in all its splendor.