Published on and written by Cyril Jarnias
In France, sports are everywhere: in stadiums, of course, but also in the streets, parks, mountains, beaches, and even in the most remote villages. Soccer, hiking, cycling, skiing, rugby, padel, golf, urban sports… the range is immense and reflects a sporting culture rooted in both history and everyday life. Alongside clubs and major championships, a more freeform, outdoor practice has taken hold: nearly half of all sporting activities now take place outside organized structures.
To determine the most popular sports, several indicators must be cross-referenced: the number of licensed participants, attendance at major events, the rise of emerging disciplines, and their presence across different regions (cities, countryside, mountains). A comprehensive overview therefore requires analyzing these multiple realities and the associated figures.
Soccer, the king sport but not the only horizon
In terms of both licensed participants and audience, soccer still overwhelmingly dominates. The French Football Federation brings together around two million players, with approximately 2.2 million members in the 2022/2023 season. Ligue 1, the French national team, European Cups: the visibility of the round ball is unparalleled.
However, soccer is no longer the only sport structuring athletic practice. Other disciplines are approaching or exceeding one million licensed participants (tennis), some are exploding in free practice (hiking, fitness, running), and others are rapidly professionalizing (padel, urban sports).
Licenses: who really carries weight?
The sports federations provide a first snapshot of the most practiced sports. A few orders of magnitude are enough to show that the landscape is far more diverse than is often imagined.
| Sport | Licensed Participants (recent order of magnitude) | Notable Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Soccer | ≈ 2,200,000 | Number 1 sport, heavy media coverage |
| Tennis | ≈ 1,100,000 | 2nd licensed sport, supported by Roland-Garros |
| Basketball | ≈ 700,000 | Rapidly growing, presence in the NBA |
| Equestrian | ≈ 670,000 – 700,000 | 3rd Olympic sport, leading women’s sport |
| Handball | ≈ 500,000 | Huge international track record |
| Judo / Martial Arts | ≈ 500,000 | Strong tradition, iconic champions |
| Golf | ≈ 440,000 | 700 courses, significant economic weight |
| Rugby Union | ≈ 400,000 | Southern culture, highly followed Top 14 |
| Swimming | ≈ 380,000 | The ultimate health sport |
| Athletics | ≈ 360,000 | Foundation for many sports, very present in clubs |
| Gymnastics | ≈ 340,000 | Major women’s practice |
| Pétanque / Provençal Game | ≈ 480,000 | 4th largest federation in the country, Southern culture |
These figures don’t tell the whole story: they ignore the immense mass of “non-licensed” practitioners who run, walk, cycle, do fitness, or play urban sports without ever setting foot in a club. One study shows that 46% of physical activities in France take place outside organized structures. This is where much of the new trends are playing out today.
Walking, hiking, climbing: France, a country of walkers
If you ask the French what activities they prefer, the answer is often surprising: hiking comes out on top. Approximately 30% of respondents cite it as their favorite sport. Logical, for a country boasting five major mountain ranges (Alps, Pyrenees, Jura, Vosges, Massif Central), an immense coastline, and a multitude of national and regional parks.
A unique network of trails
France has developed an impressive network of marked trails. The famous Grandes Randonnées (GR) trails total over 35,000 km of signposted paths across the entire territory. These include complete crossings of mountain ranges as well as historical or coastal routes.
Some iconic itineraries illustrate this diversity:
Discover some of France’s most emblematic long-distance hiking trails, from the alpine loop of Mont Blanc to the historic paths of the south.
A 170 km loop around the highest peak in the Alps, crossing nearly 10,000 meters of elevation gain and traversing three countries.
Traverses 866 km of the Pyrenees mountain range from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, taking 50 to 60 days of hiking.
Renowned as one of Europe’s most demanding trails, this 180 km path cumulatively gains 12,000 meters in positive elevation.
Connects the Netherlands to the Mediterranean over more than 2,600 km, with a spectacular alpine variant.
Retraces in 230 km the journey of writer Robert Louis Stevenson through the Cévennes.
Connects the castles of Languedoc over 250 km, between the Mediterranean and the Pyrenean foothills.
Alongside these giants, shorter itineraries attract a broader public: the Basque coastal trail (25 km from Bidart to Hendaye), the loops of the Bièvre valley just outside Paris, or historical routes like the Chemin des Maquisards in Auvergne.
National and regional parks: life-sized playgrounds
Hiking also benefits from an exceptional network of protected parks. Vanoise, Écrins, Mercantour, Cévennes, Pyrenees, Port-Cros, Calanques… each of these parks offers hundreds of kilometers of marked trails, refuges, peaks, lakes, and preserved wildlife (ibex, chamois, izards, birds of prey).
Certain French regions combine natural and cultural heritage in a remarkable way. This is the case for the Vallée des Merveilles in the Mercantour National Park, famous for its Bronze Age rock engravings. The perched villages of the Luberon, connected by a network of paths, are another example. The Cirque de Gavarnie, with its impressive waterfalls, and the Camargue, known for its marshes populated by pink flamingos, also illustrate this association.
A practice that appeals to all generations
Walking in all its forms—hiking, fitness walking, Nordic walking—is highly popular with seniors, but not only them. It integrates into stays in gîtes, campsites, backpacking trips, or as part of iconic itineraries like the Ways of St. James, several of whose French sections converge towards the Pyrenees.
The appeal lies as much in the health and well-being dimension as in the taste for exploration and nature. The underlying trend, noted by studies, is moving towards less competitive, more identity-based and exploratory practices: people walk to recharge, to discover, to feel part of a community of “hikers”.
Cycling, between leisure, sport, and lifestyle
Cycling holds a special place in France. It is at once a high-level sport with the Tour de France, a widespread leisure activity, a daily mode of transport, and an increasingly visible practice in both city and countryside.
A “cyclists’ paradise” country
From a practice standpoint, France is often described as a paradise for cyclists: quiet country roads, bike lanes, long greenways, and varied terrain. Structured itineraries crisscross the territory, such as La Loire à Vélo (around 800–900 km along the Loire), the Véloroute du Rhône, and the major crossings of the Massif Central or the Alps.
French regions offer a great diversity of cycling holidays, suitable for all levels: from the Loire valley and its castles to the vineyards of Burgundy or Bordeaux, from the volcanic landscapes of Auvergne to the mythical mountain passes of the Alps (Alpe d’Huez, Galibier) and the Pyrenees (Tourmalet, Ventoux).
In cities, the share of the population that regularly uses bicycles has significantly increased. According to the Baromètre des villes cyclables carried out by the Fédération française des usagers de la bicyclette (FUB), nationwide cycling has increased by approximately 50% since 2017, and nearly doubled in major metropolitan areas. The proportion of French people regularly using a bicycle has risen from a quarter to a third of the population between 2017 and 2025.
An enthusiasm to be qualified
Surveys show, however, that not everything is idyllic. While the average rating for cycling conditions is improving (3.09/6 in 2025 vs. 2.98/6 in 2021), 64% of respondents still consider their cycling environment unsatisfactory. The main barriers for those who don’t dare start are feeling unsafe (60%), lack of infrastructure (50%), and excessive speed of motorists (32%).
Cyclists surveyed identify five main priorities to improve their experience.
A mostly leisure-oriented practice
FUB figures also show the current usage profile: about 73% of reported bicycle trips are for leisure or tourism, 35% for commuting, 28% for daily errands, and 16% for pure sporting activity. A quarter of respondents say they cycle every day, another quarter occasionally.
In other words, cycling in France remains above all a pleasure, even though its role as a means of transport is clearly growing, encouraged by public policies, urban developments, and an increasing appetite for soft mobility.
Winter sports: skiing, an international showcase… but not for all
With more than 360 resorts spread across five mountain ranges, dozens of peaks above 4,000 meters, and huge interconnected ski areas like Les 3 Vallées or Paradiski, France is one of the world’s superpowers in skiing. It is one of only two countries in the world (with Austria) with more than ten resorts exceeding one million skier-days per season.
A resort network unique in the world
In the Alps alone, there are more than 175 resorts. The large interconnected areas concentrate a huge share of the traffic: 15 “mega-resorts” attract nearly 40% of skier-days. Val Thorens (Europe’s highest resort at 2,300 m), Tignes, Val d’Isère, La Plagne, Les Arcs, Les Deux Alpes, Méribel, Courchevel, Chamonix, Avoriaz, and Les Menuires are all global brands.
The characteristics of some ski areas give a sense of the offerings:
| Area / Resort | Altitude (approx.) | Skiable Distance | Main Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Les 3 Vallées | 1,300 – 3,230 m | ≈ 600 km | World’s largest linked ski area |
| Paradiski (La Plagne/Arcs) | 1,250 – 3,250 m | ≈ 425 km | Linked by the Vanoise Express cable car |
| Tignes – Val d’Isère | 1,550 – 3,456 m | ≈ 300 km | Grande Motte Glacier, Face de Bellevarde |
| Portes du Soleil | 1,000 – 2,300 m | ≈ 600–650 km | Franco-Swiss domain, traditional villages and Avoriaz |
| Chamonix Mont-Blanc | 1,035 – 3,840 m | ≈ 150 km | Premier spot for off-piste and mountaineering |
Alongside these giants, smaller or family-friendly resorts, often at mid-altitude, offer more affordable stays and a village atmosphere: Hirmentaz-Bellevaux, Les Rousses, La Bresse, Métabief, Super-Besse, etc.
Despite its widespread image, skiing remains a sport practiced by a minority. One poll indicated that 84% of French people have a positive image of skiing, but only 25% say they ski at least once a year. The practice is more frequent among 16–25 year olds (about 39% of them), but it remains strongly correlated with income level.
Some data illustrate this divide: for example, disparities in internet access between urban and rural areas, or gaps in computer equipment across socio-professional categories, showing concrete inequalities in access to and use of technology.
– In 2018, 22% of young French people said they went skiing every year.
– The same year, only 4% of employees reported having skied in the previous twelve months.
– Major resorts have high lift ticket prices: for example, a 6-day Mont-Blanc Unlimited pass cost €372 per adult in 2020.
The state is trying to partially correct these inequalities through “snow classes,” organized trips for schoolchildren, the principle of which it aims to massively revive.
Between climate, economy, and diversification
French skiing also faces a dual challenge: climate change and international competition. Decreasing snow cover, particularly at mid-altitude, accentuates the vulnerability of smaller resorts. Since the 1990s, the number of operating ski lifts has been declining, and snow cannons are not enough to guarantee snow from December to April.
Amount in millions of euros invested by operators in ski areas in 2019 and 2022, representing over 26% of revenue reinvested.
Simultaneously, resorts are betting on diversifying activities: snowshoeing, ski touring, dog sledding, zip lines, electronic music festivals (Tomorrowland Winter at Alpe d’Huez, Snowboxx, Rock The Pistes, Rise Festival), spas, gastronomy, and cultural events. The idea is to attract a younger, more urban clientele, who may not necessarily come to ski every day of their stay.
Rugby, handball, basketball: the other pillar of team sports
While soccer dominates screens, rugby, handball, and basketball are major pillars of both sporting practice and spectacle in France.
Rugby: a passion of the South that is winning over the whole country
Rugby union has been established since the 1870s, first introduced by the British. It remains deeply rooted in the southern half of the country (Toulouse, the Basque Country, French Catalonia), but its influence extends far beyond. Approximately 400,000 licensed players and 1,700 clubs cover the territory.
This is the average number of spectators that some clubs like Bordeaux-Bègles exceed per match in the Top 14, a championship with record attendances in Europe.
Polls show that 33% of sports fans in France follow rugby competitions, and that a portion of the population even ranks rugby as their favorite team sport. In terms of participation volume, however, it remains lower than soccer, but it is highly visible and identity-based.
Handball: the sport where France wins (almost) everything
With around 500,000 licensed players, handball has built a unique track record. The men’s national team was the first to achieve the “triple” (world, Olympic, and European titles) twice, with six world championships and three Olympic gold medals. The women’s team also boasts an Olympic title, several world and European crowns.
The international success of a national team, like that of handball, can boost participation in a sport, especially among young people. It is an effective lever to attract new members to clubs, as media coverage of performances creates excitement and strong identification.
Basketball: from playgrounds to the Olympics
Basketball brings together over 700,000 licensed players and holds a special place, thanks to the pathway leading to the NBA. Tony Parker, Boris Diaw, Rudy Gobert, or more recently Victor Wembanyama embody this success. The French men’s national team has won the EuroBasket and racked up world medals and Olympic podiums.
Beyond the courts, basketball is also lived in the streets with streetball and the very trendy 3×3. These urban, low-constraint forms play a key role in getting young people into regular practice.
Padel, golf, racket sports: the boom of “intermediate” practices
Between traditional club sports and completely free practice, some disciplines are experiencing spectacular growth by combining conviviality, accessibility, and an attractive economic model for facilities. This is the case for padel and, to a lesser extent, golf in France.
Padel: the skyrocketing racket sport
In a few years, padel has become one of the most impressive growth stories in the French sports landscape. Derived from tennis and squash, played in doubles on courts surrounded by glass and mesh, it appeals due to its fast learning curve and resolutely social aspect.
The numbers speak for themselves:
– In June 2025, the milestone of 100,000 licensed padel players was surpassed, representing growth of over 40% compared to the 2023/2024 season (70,500 licensed players).
– The number of courts has exploded to reach 2,917 in 2025, an increase of about 40% in one cycle.
– The density remains modest (0.2 courts per 10,000 inhabitants), leaving enormous potential for development.
Since 2014, the French Tennis Federation has overseen the development of padel. The offerings are diversifying through tennis clubs, but also thanks to investments from private centers, hotels, leisure complexes, and multi-sports halls. Profitability for operators is ensured by a court installation cost ranging between €25,000 and €45,000 and hourly rates in cities often between €80 and €200 (for four players during peak hours).
The player profile is broad: men and women, average age 25–45, but also seniors, beginners, and former tennis players. In Europe, about 40% of padel players are women, a high ratio for a racket sport. The atmosphere is relaxed, very oriented towards the fun of the game and sociability rather than pure competition.
A pro circuit and an international showcase
France is not just a recreational market: it also hosts top-level events, with stops of the Premier Padel circuit in Bordeaux and Paris, and a multi-year agreement to organize a major tournament at the Roland-Garros stadium. French players like Alix Collombon (in the world top 30) or Léa Godallier and players like Johan Bergeron or Bastien Blanqué embody this rise in standards.
The global padel infrastructure industry (clubs, court builders) was estimated at €1.4 billion in 2022.
Golf: a discreet and structured giant
Less visible in the media than soccer or rugby, golf nevertheless occupies an important place in France, with approximately 700,000 practitioners including nearly 440,000 licensed players. The country has more than 600 to 700 courses, making it one of the leading golf nations in Europe.
Often perceived as elitist, golf is actually more accessible than one might think: many public or commercial courses offer affordable green fees and introductory packages. Clubs and chains like Ugolf or Bluegreen offer multi-course subscriptions, while regional “golf passes” allow playing on several sites during a stay.
From an economic standpoint, golf weighs in at around €1.5 billion per year in France and employs about 15,000 people, mostly on permanent contracts. Recent investments have focused on democratization (9-hole courses, pitch and putt), digitalization of bookings, and diversification of offers (seminars, tourism, training camps). Even if France suffers from an image deficit compared to destinations like Spain or Portugal, its tourism potential is real, with the possibility of combining golf, gastronomy, wine, and culture.
Pétanque, equestrian, judo, swimming: the anchor of “cultural” sports
Beyond the trio of soccer–racket sports–mountain sports, several disciplines deeply structure French sporting culture.
Pétanque: a pastime turned major federation
Born in Provence at the beginning of the 20th century, pétanque is much more than a vacation game. The French Federation of Pétanque and Jeu Provençal has about 480,000 to 500,000 licensed players, making it the fourth largest sports federation in the country. “Sport pétanque” competitions follow very codified rules, with standardized boules (70–80 mm in diameter, 650–800 g) and games played to 13 points.
The actual practice far exceeds the federated framework alone, as improvised playing areas abound in squares, parks, and campgrounds. Pétanque perfectly illustrates the porous boundary between popular game, family leisure, and structured sport.
Pétanque
Equestrian, judo, swimming: educational pillars
Equestrian is the third Olympic sport by number of licensed participants in France, and by far the leading sport for girls. Suburban riding centers, rural pony clubs, holiday camps: the practice extends well beyond official competitions and is often a long-term activity, from childhood to adulthood.
Judo, with about 500,000 licensed participants in France, is a multifaceted activity. It is an educational sport, widely practiced in schools and clubs. It is also a high-level Olympic discipline, illustrated by iconic world champions like Teddy Riner, Clarisse Agbegnenou, and David Douillet. Finally, it is a health-beneficial practice that effectively supports children’s psychomotor development.
Swimming, finally, is both a vital skill, a public health tool, and a performance sport. Nearly 380,000 people hold a license, but actual pool attendance is obviously much broader. The success of swimmers like Laure Manaudou, Florent Manaudou, or Léon Marchand has reinforced young people’s attraction to clubs.
The urban and outdoor sports revolution
One of the major recent shifts in the French sports landscape is happening far from traditional federations: in the streets, vacant lots, squares, and redeveloped riverbanks. Studies by the Ministry of Sports show that 21% of daily physical activities take place in freely accessible urban spaces, and about 40% of French people report practicing at least one outdoor sport.
A city turned playground
Skateboarding, rollerblading, BMX, streetball, parkour, street workout, urban trail running, street fishing, urban golf, breaking, urban climbing… the list of so-called “urban” practices is constantly growing. Their common point: partly freeing themselves from traditional sports infrastructure. Benches, steps, low walls, ramps, quays, bridges become exercise supports.
In France, some cities have become laboratories for these new practices:
Several French cities illustrate the integration of sport into urban space. Paris has pedestrianized its Seine riverbanks and developed skateparks (La Villette, Léon Claudel) as well as basketball playgrounds, fostering the emergence of streetball scenes where talent like Victor Wembanyama grew up. Montpellier hosts the FISE, the reference festival for BMX and skateboarding, attracting over 500,000 visitors. Lyon is multiplying developments on riverbanks, parks, and free sports facilities. Finally, Parisian suburbs are the birthplace of parkour, a discipline inspired by Georges Hébert’s “méthode naturelle” and popularized by David Belle and Sébastien Foucan.
Equipment data illustrates this shift: nearly a quarter of French sports facilities are freely accessible outdoor spaces (multi-sport courts, city stadiums, skateparks, fitness areas), and the density of these spaces is particularly high in priority urban policy neighborhoods.
Paris 2024: showcase for new disciplines
The integration into the Olympic program of disciplines like skateboarding, sport climbing, breaking, and surfing (with events organized in Tahiti for the Paris Games) has reinforced the legitimacy of these sports with the general public. In Paris, the “Spot 24” exhibition dedicated to urban sports and new Olympic disciplines highlighted this evolution.
The challenge for local authorities is twofold: to support free and creative practices without constraining them, while providing safe spaces, supervision, and pathways to performance. Solutions include developing dedicated apps, connected fitness trails, and animation initiatives like street coaches or summer programming.
Clubs, free practice, health: what the French are looking for
Behind license numbers and major events, surveys paint another reality: that of a population partially turning away from traditional structures towards more flexible, less hierarchical activities more in tune with the constraints of daily life.
Less club, more autonomy
Nearly half of all sports activities in France now take place outside of clubs: running, cycling, fitness, yoga, outdoor strength training, hiking, urban sports. The motivations are clear: flexible hours, practice close to home, reduced or even zero cost, absence of competition or hierarchical constraints.
To retain practitioners long-term, traditional club sports must reinvent themselves by offering shorter formats, fun competitions, leisure-oriented offerings, “à la carte” memberships, and corporate time slots.
A growing priority on health
The public health issue is omnipresent. Lack of physical activity is now identified as a potential mortality factor heavier than smoking. In response, France has implemented a national “Sport-Santé” strategy, measures like the Pass’Sport (a €50 voucher to help young people join a club), and a requirement for 30 minutes of daily physical activity in primary schools.
Current sports practices are diversifying between endurance sports (running, fitness walking, cycling, trail running), gentle disciplines (yoga, Pilates, tai chi), and outdoor fitness, responding to a quest for both well-being and performance.
A city tailored for sport
Urban policies are increasingly integrating the sports dimension: pedestrianization, creation of bike lanes, development of riverbanks, parks, play areas, transformation of obsolete infrastructure (former vacant lots, oversized parking lots) into physical activity spaces. In working-class neighborhoods, the density of free sports areas is significantly higher than the national average, creating a paradox: where clubs are lacking, spontaneous spaces are sometimes more numerous.
Sportswear brands are accompanying this movement through athleisure (hybrid clothing between sport and fashion), collaborations with urban artists, digital content (tutorials, streaming sessions), and a strong presence on social media, particularly among those under 30.
How to choose your sport in France?
Faced with this plethora of offerings, how can a resident or visitor find their way? It all depends on the goal: to let off steam, maintain health, meet people, engage in competition, discover a territory…
Several main profiles emerge:
For collective fun and local fervor: soccer, rugby, basketball, handball, volleyball, where clubs still largely structure the practice. For health and nature: hiking, Nordic walking, running, cycling, swimming, cross-country skiing, trail running, which require relatively little equipment and adapt to all levels. For conviviality without pressure: padel, recreational golf, pétanque, recreational urban sports (skateboarding, streetball), where play takes precedence over performance. For contact with mountains and adventure: skiing, snowboarding, mountaineering, via ferrata, canyoning, mountain biking, making France one of the world’s most complete playgrounds. For those who want strong pedagogical structure, especially for children: judo, gymnastics, equestrian, club swimming, athletics.
The good news is that entry barriers are lowering: more affordable introductory equipment, discovery offers in clubs (in golf, padel, equestrian, judo), freely accessible spaces to try activities without commitment, public schemes to financially assist families.
A sporting culture in motion
Beyond the somewhat vain ranking of “favorite sports,” France stands out above all for the diversity and accessibility of its practices. The country of the modern Olympic Games, the Tour de France, major ski resorts, and village pétanque courts combines high performance and everyday sport.
Current major sporting trends include the rise of free and outdoor practices, the explosion of urban and racket sports like padel, the persistence of historical team sports, and a growing demand for meaning (health, ecology, conviviality). France remains a country where it is easy to find a suitable activity, whether in the mountains, on a city stadium, a greenway by bike, an Atlantic beach, or a rugby field in the Southwest.
Whether it’s hitting padel balls on a summer evening, climbing a mountain pass by bike, playing soccer on a compacted dirt field, carving turns in a snow-filled valley, shooting your first arrows at a club, or simply walking on a GR trail, France offers athletes of all levels a virtually inexhaustible playground. And that, more than trophies or records, is likely what explains the popularity of its sports: the concrete possibility, for everyone, to get involved.
A 62-year-old retiree, with a financial estate exceeding one million euros well-structured in Europe, wanted to change his tax residence to optimize his tax burden and diversify his investments, while maintaining strong ties with France. Allocated budget: €10,000 for comprehensive support (tax advice, administrative formalities, relocation and wealth structuring), without forced sale of assets.
After analyzing several attractive destinations (Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain), the chosen strategy consisted of remaining a tax resident in France while exploiting provisions favorable to retirees (family quotient, capital gains regimes, life insurance wrappers) and intra-EU mobility. The mission included: pre-optimization tax audit (exit tax ruled out, tax deferral on certain assets), choice of residence location in France (region with a lower cost of living than Île-de-France), arbitration of life insurance and equity savings accounts (PEA), detachment of state pension/health insurance, bank transfer and diversification, plan to secure against tax audit risk, introduction to a local network (notary, tax lawyer, wealth manager), and overall wealth integration (analysis and restructuring if necessary) to durably reduce taxation while preparing for wealth transfer.
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Cyril Jarnias is an independent expert in international wealth management with over 20 years of experience. As an expatriate himself, he is dedicated to helping individuals and business leaders build, protect, and pass on their wealth with complete peace of mind.
On his website, cyriljarnias.com, he shares his expertise on international real estate, offshore company formation, and expatriation.
Thanks to his expertise, he offers sound advice to optimize his clients' wealth management. Cyril Jarnias is also recognized for his appearances in many prestigious media outlets such as BFM Business, les Français de l’étranger, Le Figaro, Les Echos, and Mieux vivre votre argent, where he shares his knowledge and know-how in wealth management.
