Published on and written by Cyril Jarnias
India’s urbanization is entering a decisive phase. By 2050, nearly one in two Indians is expected to live in cities, and urban centers are projected to generate 70% of new jobs and over 70% of the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions. More than half of the urban infrastructure needed by 2050 does not yet exist. Behind these figures lies a very concrete reality: India is rebuilding its cities while simultaneously inventing them anew.
The country is experiencing an unprecedented acceleration of major urban projects (housing, transport, riverfront developments, new capital cities). However, this transformation faces major challenges: land pressure, widening inequalities, exposure to climate risks, financial constraints, and often fragmented governance.
This article offers a structured overview of these upcoming urban development projects in India based on recent data and reports, to understand what is being built, how, and for whom.
Housing an Expanding Urban India
Housing is the nerve center of India’s urban battle. The projections are staggering: more than 144 million additional homes will be needed by 2070. In a country where nearly half the urban population already lives in informal settlements, the stated priority is clear: to make housing more affordable and safer.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and “Housing for All”
At the heart of this strategy is the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) program, the operational version of the “Housing for All” ambition. Launched in 2015 and now extended by a so-called PMAY 2.0 phase, it rests on two main pillars: PMAY-Urban (PMAY-U) for cities, and PMAY-Gramin (PMAY-G) for rural areas.
For the urban component alone, the initial target was to build 10 million homes (1 crore) for low-income households. The overall program aimed for 20 million urban homes and 30 million rural homes by 2022. The target was later reconfigured and extended, with PMAY 2.0 aiming for 10 million new urban homes and 20 million in rural areas over five years.
The table presents a summary of recent quantified objectives for affordable housing.
| Program / Component | Main Objective |
|---|---|
| Housing for All (overall vision) | 20 million affordable homes |
| PMAY (initial phase) | 20 M urban + 30 M rural |
| PMAY-U (specific city target) | 10 M homes (1 crore) |
| PMAY-G (rural) | 20 M homes (2 crores) by 2029 |
| PMAY 2.0 (new phase) | 10 M urban + 20 M rural over 5 years |
As of March 31, 2022, over 12.2 million homes had been sanctioned under PMAY-U, with 10.4 million actually launched for construction and about 6.3 million completed. Faced with delays, the mission has been extended until the end of 2024 to complete the already approved units.
Four Pillars and Targeted Assistance
PMAY is structured around four major “verticals” that shape upcoming projects:
– Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC)
– Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP)
– In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR)
– Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS)
In addition to these components is the sub-scheme of Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs), designed for urban migrants, industrial workers, and informal sector households, often excluded from homeownership.
Financial assistance is calibrated to drastically reduce costs for households in the Economically Weaker Section (EWS), Low-Income Group (LIG) and, to a lesser extent, Middle-Income Group (MIG). For example:
| PMAY-U Scheme | Public Assistance per Home (in ₹) | Nature of Assistance |
|---|---|---|
| In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) | 100,000 | Direct grant per rebuilt unit |
| Affordable Housing in Partnership | 150,000 | Subsidy for partnership projects |
| Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC) | 150,000 | Grant for construction / extension |
In parallel, the CLSS offers an interest subsidy on home loans, which lowers the total cost of credit for eligible households. Between 2018 and 2022, the budget for this subsidy increased sevenfold, and 2.5 million households benefited, including 0.6 million from the middle classes.
Despite the discontinuation of a specific credit component in 2022, the PMAY 2.0 program reintroduces an interest subsidy mechanism with refined beneficiary categories. It also places enhanced emphasis on sustainable housing and innovative construction technologies to reduce costs and delays.
A Strained Market and Structural Limitations
Despite this arsenal of programs, the affordable housing market remains under pressure. In the eight largest metros, the share of new homes priced under 5 million rupees has more than halved in a few years, dropping from 52.4% of supply in 2018 to just 17% in 2025 (Knight Frank Research data).
The main causes of the affordable housing shortage in India are soaring land costs, especially in city centers like Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, or Chennai; fragmented property titles; lengthy approval procedures; difficulty for developers to access finance; and rising material prices. These factors push projects to the periphery, where land is cheaper but essential infrastructure (water, sanitation, electricity, transport) is often lacking.
This strain is clearly apparent in projects like the Delhi Development Authority housing project in Narela, largely unoccupied due to insufficient connectivity and mass transit services. It has also led the state to grant “infrastructure status” to affordable housing in 2017, making it eligible for more favorable credit terms and tax benefits for developers.
Beyond land and administrative bottlenecks, a recurring criticism is that the public arsenal has long favored a logic of homeownership via the private market, to the detriment of a large-scale social rental policy. The recent National Urban Rental Housing Policy (2021) and the growing emphasis on ARHCs signal a shift in direction, but implementation remains nascent given the scale of the need.
Metros, RRTS, and Transit-Oriented Cities: Re-stitching Territories
For a rapidly expanding urban India, mobility is another key battleground. The challenge is not only to connect job centers faster but also to structure future urbanization around public transport, to limit urban sprawl, emissions, and endless commutes.
An Explosion of the Metro Network
In a decade, metro networks have been deployed at a spectacular pace. India has gone from just over 200 km of operational lines in 2014 to over 1,000 km operational in 2025, in more than twenty cities. The government clearly displays the ambition to double this length again within five years and elevate the country to second place globally in terms of metropolitan network size.
The table below summarizes the scale of the projects:
| National Metro / MRTS Indicator | Approximate Value |
|---|---|
| Operational Length (2025) | ~1,013 km |
| Lines Under Construction | ~580–920 km (depending on sources) |
| Lines Approved, Awaiting Work | ~311 km |
| Proposed Network, Under Study | >1,000 km |
| Cities with Metro (Operational / Works) | >23 cities |
| Annual Metro Budget (2025-26) | ~₹ 34,800 crores |
Systems like Delhi Metro, Namma Metro in Bengaluru, Chennai Metro, or the new networks in Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Surat, Indore, or Agra are expanding rapidly. Delhi, already the largest and busiest, is adding over 50 km via its Phase 4. Mumbai is simultaneously building nearly 169 km of lines. Chennai is developing a Phase 2 of nearly 119 km, with a budget of over 63,000 crores.
Daily metro ridership in the country has risen from about 2.8 million trips in the mid-2010s to over 11.2 million today.
RRTS and Rapid Corridors: Redrawing City-Region Relationships
Alongside metros, a new generation of regional express corridors is reinventing links between major metros and satellite towns. The Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) is its flagship. The “Namo Bharat” trains operate at a speed of 160 km/h, a first for an urban and peri-urban system in India.
The 82-km Delhi–Meerut corridor is partially operational with over 50 km in service, including the priority Sahibabad–Duhai Depot section. The network is expanding with two new corridors planned: a line of about 199 km towards Alwar (targeted opening around 2030) and another of about 103 km towards Panipat.
These systems, combined with Dedicated Freight Corridors (including the nearly completed Western DFC), reconfigure territorial connections and create new potential urbanization zones along these axes, directly linking back to the central question of the urban development model.
The Transit-Oriented Development Gambit
To prevent these massive investments from simply resulting in disorderly urbanization “near stations”, India is betting on a model: Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). The idea is to concentrate density, jobs, commerce, and housing within walking distance of stations, with complete, multimodal streets that favor pedestrians and cyclists, to reduce private car use.
A national TOD policy was adopted in 2017 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. It sets twelve key principles (complete streets, multimodal integration, last-mile connectivity, diverse housing supply, etc.) and encourages tools like land value capture around stations.
Several cities have already implemented this innovative approach, serving as models for its wider deployment.
These cities integrate the approach into their planning and local public policies.
Concrete projects are deployed on the ground, involving stakeholders and citizens.
– In Ahmedabad, TOD corridors have been designated along the Janmarg BRT network, with densification and an increase in the Floor Space Index (FSI) up to 4 within a 200m band;
– In Delhi, TOD zones cover a radius of 500 m around metro stations, and up to 1 km for future regional lines;
– In Pune, a TOD policy adopted in 2018 governs over 30 km of metro corridors;
– Similar proposals are emerging in Chennai, Bengaluru, Kochi, Bhopal, Ranchi, or Bhubaneswar as part of the Smart Cities Mission.
The Asian Development Bank is providing $2.5 million in technical assistance to strengthen the capacity of Indian authorities on TOD and associated financing mechanisms like land value capture. But initial feedback highlights a risk: projects that remain merely “transit-adjacent” (TAD), i.e., located near transport without actually altering the urban form, accessibility for the less affluent, or actual public transport usage.
New Cities, Industrial Corridors, and Major Structuring Projects
Beyond existing urban fabrics, India is betting on new cities and industrial corridors to drive its growth and decongest saturated metros. These initiatives often combine major road projects, ports, industrial zones, and large-scale real estate operations.
Amaravati, a Giant Laboratory for a Green Capital
Among the most iconic projects is the construction of a completely new capital: Amaravati, in Andhra Pradesh. Conceived as a model “greenfield city“, “Praja Rajadhani” (People’s Capital), it spans over 217 km² between Vijayawada and Guntur, along the Krishna River.
The project, halted for five years for political reasons, was relaunched in 2024, with a massive commitment from central and international authorities. Planning was entrusted to a Singaporean consortium and the British firm Foster and Partners, which drew inspiration from Lutyens’ New Delhi, Amsterdam, Singapore, and New York’s Central Park. The plan envisions a city organized around a grand central green spine, divided into nine thematic quarters (Government City, Justice City, Knowledge City, etc.), punctuated by 13 urban plazas representing the state’s districts.
Million inhabitants projected to be accommodated by the project by 2050.
Financing relies on a complex structure combining:
| Funding Source for Amaravati | Amount / Key Characteristics |
|---|---|
| World Bank Loan | $800 M (of which $205 M already disbursed for 1st phase) |
| ADB Loan (Phase I 2025–2029) | $788.8 M, for a total estimated at $3.64 B |
| HUDCO Credit Line | ₹ 11,000 crores |
| Direct Financial Support from Central Government | ₹ 15,000 crores |
| “Amaravati Bonds” (issued in 2018) | Amount unspecified, raised in domestic markets |
| Potential KfW Loan (Germany) | About ₹ 5,000 crores under consideration |
Costs, initially estimated at around ₹ 51,000 to 52,000 crores, reportedly increased by 40 to 45% due to delays, reaching about ₹ 65,000 crores, because of inflation and the degradation of works started between 2015 and 2019.
A unique element of this project is the extensive use of the Land Pooling Scheme: nearly 27,000 farmers reportedly “contributed” about 33,000 acres of agricultural land in exchange for urbanizable plots in the city (e.g., 1,000 sq. yards of residential plot and 450 sq. yards of commercial plot per initial acre, plus an escalating annual annuity for ten years). This approach, cited as a model of voluntary participation, was heavily contested during the suspension period, when annuities and pensions for thousands of families were halted.
The resumption of construction, coupled with the announcement of new administrative buildings (Assembly, Secretariat, High Court), housing for 5,200 families, and public and private investments totaling nearly 1 lakh crore rupees, is already driving up land prices in the Amaravati–Guntur region: developed plots are trading at an average of ₹4,000/sq.ft, peripheral agricultural plots between ₹2-3 crores per acre, and prime land up to ₹5–10 crores per acre.
Amaravati illustrates the promise of large-scale planned new cities, but also the risks associated with political discontinuity, land speculation, and reliance on heavy international financing.
Dholera, GIFT City, and Other Next-Generation Cities
Amaravati is not an isolated case. Other new city and smart district projects show how India seeks to attract investment, cutting-edge industries, and financial services:
– Dholera Special Investment Region (Gujarat): often presented as the country’s largest greenfield project, with an international airport, a 5,000 MW solar park, a metro line, and notably a Tata semiconductor plant of over $10 billion.
– GIFT City (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City): smart business district on the banks of the Sabarmati, with centralized urban cooling systems, automated waste collection, and hosting over 500 companies, including Google and IBM.
– AURIC City (Aurangabad Industrial City, Maharashtra): planned industrial city of 10,000 acres, with 60% reserved for manufacturing and 40% for residential and tertiary uses; nearly 330,000 jobs are said to have already been created.
– Naya Raipur / Atal Nagar (Chhattisgarh): new state capital, structured around 41 villages in a master plan for 2031, with a green belt, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), international airport, and IT park.
Crores of rupees earmarked by the 15th Finance Commission to incubate eight new greenfield cities by March 2026.
Industrial Corridors, Highways, and Territorial Integration
New city projects fit into a broader network of industrial corridors, expressways, and logistics infrastructure. The National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation is steering 11 industrial corridors comprising 32 development nodes, supported by over ₹28,600 crores in financing for smart cities along these axes.
On the road front, the Bharatmala Pariyojana program alone envisions nearly 35,000 km of new highways in its first phase. By early 2024, nearly 20,000 km had already been constructed, with an investment of over ₹4.7 lakh crores by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). In parallel, the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway (1,386 km) is set to almost halve travel time between the two metros when fully completed, while initiatives like Digital Highways are laying thousands of kilometers of fiber optic cable along roads to support future smart cities.
All these projects largely determine where and how the next wave of urbanization will take shape: multimodal logistics zones, satellite towns, industrial zones connected to ports like Vadhavan (a ₹76,000+ crore deep-sea port project, targeted for 2030), or to giant renewable energy parks like Khavda (Gujarat), expected to produce nearly 473 million units of electricity from its first year.
Urban Waterfronts: Showcase, Leisure, and Ecological Controversies
Another powerful trend in India’s urban transformation is the reclamation of waterfronts: riverbanks, lake shores, or canals transformed into promenades, parks, residential quarters, and tourist attractions. The Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad served as a model for a wave of similar projects across the country.
River Cities Alliance and Proliferation of Projects
To coordinate this trend, the central government launched the River Cities Alliance in 2021, a joint initiative of the Ministries of Water and Housing/Urban Affairs. Starting with around thirty member cities, it now includes over a hundred and has identified more than 140 potential river cities to develop Urban River Management Plans.
In 2025, there are nearly 864 open tenders for waterfront development projects, indicative of the intensity of planned investments. A national committee on urban planning has, for its part, selected 25 cities to receive specific funding for the rehabilitation or creation of riverfronts.
Sabarmati, Chambal, Brahmaputra: The New Faces of Urban Rivers
The Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad is the most cited example. Conceived in the late 1990s, construction began in 2005 and it opened to the public from 2012 onwards, covering about 11.5 km of riverbanks in the city center. The project reclaimed over 85% of the banks for public use, with over 20 km of pedestrian promenades, a nearly 29 km road network, and a series of parks, sports facilities, and event spaces. It also significantly contributed to surrounding land valorization and the transformation of the city’s image, even hosting major diplomatic events.
Other cities are trying to replicate – or adapt – the formula:
In Kota (Rajasthan), the Chambal Riverfront, inaugurated in 2023 for about ₹1,400 crores, transformed 6 km of riverbank with 27 thematic ghats (including a ‘Geeta Ghat’ displaying 700 verses), parks, and cultural facilities, attracting nearly 10,000 daily visitors. In Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), the rehabilitation of the Valankulam lake, a former dump site, created a multifunctional public space with amphitheaters, co-working spaces, and cycling tracks, nearly doubling the public space per capita. In Guwahati (Assam), a 1.2 km front on the Brahmaputra, costing nearly ₹3.7 billion, is being finalized with a promenade, a play area, a wide boulevard, and seven thematic entrance gates.
These projects have immediate economic impacts: rising real estate prices, tourist influx, creation of new urban focal points. In Indore or Nashik, the rehabilitation of the banks of the Kahn or Godavari rivers raised prices of riverside land by at least 40%, sometimes more, while improving environmental quality through desilting, removal of concrete embankments, and planting of native species.
A Pressured River Ecology
This rush towards waterfronts is not without controversy. Many environmental experts criticize projects that, inspired by European models for rivers with steady flow, are poorly suited to the highly seasonal nature of Indian rivers subject to monsoons.
The criticisms notably highlight:
Bank and canal beautification projects in India lead to the destruction of aquatic habitats, as in Varanasi where a canal damaged a turtle sanctuary. They also increase flood risks by narrowing riverbeds, as observed in Kota on the Chambal Riverfront. Finally, they sometimes proceed in ecologically sensitive areas, like the Ganges River Dolphin Sanctuary in Bhagalpur, despite regulations.
More broadly, some denounce a “cosmetic” approach focused on aesthetics, tourist footfall, and land valorization, at the expense of the needs of poor riverside populations, fishermen, and the long-term “health” of the waterways. The idea of granting rivers legal personhood – as briefly attempted by the Uttarakhand High Court for the Ganga and Yamuna in 2017, before the ruling was suspended – is part of this debate.
Smart Cities, Climate Resilience, and Heritage: The New Frameworks for Action
Beyond sectoral projects, India has multiplied in recent years the frameworks, missions, and tools to guide the transformation of its cities: Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), ClimateSmart Cities Assessment Framework, HRIDAY for heritage cities, and numerous international partnerships.
Smart Cities Mission: Assessment and Potential Follow-ups
Launched in 2015 and officially concluded in 2025, the Smart Cities Mission served as a large-scale laboratory for the modernization of 100 cities around themes like Integrated Command and Control Centers (ICCC), “smart” roads, connected water and waste management, redesigned public spaces, and heritage valorization.
In total, over 8,000 multisectoral projects, with an investment of about ₹1.6 lakh crores, were launched. By summer 2025, over 7,600 projects were completed and nearly all central funds (about ₹47,600 crores) had been disbursed. Cities like Pune, Surat, Vadodara, Varanasi, or Coimbatore completed all their projects, while most others completed over 90%.
Concrete achievements are numerous:
Summary of the main developments and facilities established under the smart city project, aimed at improving security, mobility, education, health, and the environment.
Deployment of centralized command centers in 100 cities, used as ‘war rooms’ during the pandemic, complemented by over 84,000 CCTV cameras, thousands of emergency call boxes, and urban public address systems.
Over 1,700 km of redesigned roads, 700 km of cycling tracks, with a complementary fleet of 23,000 bicycles and 1,500 buses added to the transport supply.
Equipping of nearly 9,500 “smart” classrooms and creation of 41 digital libraries. In the health sector, deployment of 172 e-clinics and 152 “health ATMs”.
Completion of over 1,300 public space projects, including 318 km of waterfront developments, and conservation of 484 historical monuments across 55 cities.
Establishment of additional wastewater treatment capacity exceeding 1,300 MLD, with about half of this treated water being reused.
Evaluations show measurable effects: average reduction of over 23% in PM10 particles in the air between 2018 and 2024 in program cities, reduction in crime by nearly 27% in states that spent over 80% of funds, and a notable increase in enrollment when connected classrooms are well utilized.
But criticisms are equally clear. A significant share of projects experienced delays, with multiple re-tenderings, land-related blockages, and ultimately low reliance on public-private partnerships despite initial ambitions (only about 6% of total funding via PPP, instead of the expected 21%). The Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) model sometimes marginalized municipalities, making governance more opaque. And some “completed” projects, like in Agra, proved underutilized (smart toilets closed, digital rooms abandoned).
These lessons will influence future urban policies, including a potential new generation of national programs. Meanwhile, other more targeted frameworks are taking over.
Climate-Smart Cities and Resilience Assessment
Confronted with high exposure to climate risks – India ranks among the world’s most affected countries – future urbanization must integrate resilience and carbon neutrality. Studies by the World Bank show that an investment of over $2.4 trillion will be needed by 2050 in resilient, low-carbon urban infrastructure, with enormous potential benefits: over 130,000 lives saved from extreme heat by 2050, and tens of billions of dollars in annual losses avoided from urban flooding.
Several tools have been developed to guide and support cities in their initiatives.
Methodological frameworks and benchmarks to structure urban projects and ensure their coherence.
Spaces for sharing experiences and best practices among local authorities.
Methodologies and indicators to measure progress and the impact of actions implemented.
Operational resources and technical sheets for concrete implementation.
– The ClimateSmart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF), launched in 2019 by MoHUA with support from the German federal government, which assesses cities on 28 indicators covering energy, planning, biodiversity, mobility, water, and waste; over 100 cities have already been assessed, with the goal of covering 500;
– The creation in 2021, by the National Institute of Urban Affairs, of a Climate Centre for Cities (C-Cube), dedicated to integrating climate into urban planning;
– Frameworks like the Climate Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA), developed by WRI India to map intra-urban climate risks and design action plans.
Several Indian metros, with support from organizations like WRI India, C40, or the Vasudha Foundation, have launched Climate Action Plans. This is the case for Mumbai (which published a climate budget), Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, as well as mid-sized cities like Latur or Nashik. These assessments have concrete impacts: in Mumbai, the identification of landslide-prone zones, mostly affecting informal settlements, led to preparedness training for the concerned communities.
Heritage and the Renewal of Historic Cores
Another aspect, more discreet but essential for many cities, concerns historic spaces. The HRIDAY (National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana) program, launched in 2015, supported infrastructure and service projects in 13 heritage cities like Varanasi, Mathura, Ajmer, Dwarka, Badami, Warangal, Amaravati, or Velankanni, with a total budget of ₹500 crores fully funded by the central government.
These actions improved the ghats of Varanasi, developed pedestrian circuits in Mathura and Vrindavan, rehabilitated the surroundings of the Brahma Temple in Pushkar, revitalized historic streets in Warangal, and better integrated the Buddhist sites of Amaravati into the new city under construction. While HRIDAY has officially ended and been absorbed into other programs, it helped disseminate planning methods integrating heritage, soft mobility, urban services, and tourism.
In parallel, ambitious projects to repurpose old buildings, like the redevelopment of Bhendi Bazaar in Mumbai (replacing 250 dilapidated buildings with 11 modern towers while relocating over 3,000 families for free) or the transformation of old factories into cultural venues in Vadodara, illustrate another facet of upcoming urban transformations: densifying without erasing, reusing rather than demolishing.
Financing the City of Tomorrow: PPPs, Bonds, Local Taxation
All these projects – housing, metros, waterfronts, new cities, industrial corridors – raise a major question: how to finance them? The Indian government has built over time a sophisticated infrastructure financing ecosystem, combining direct public expenditure, public-private partnerships (PPPs), specific debt instruments, and incentive measures.
The arsenal includes:
Main mechanisms and public entities established by India to mobilize massive investments in infrastructure development.
Launched in 2019, this program envisions about ₹111 lakh crores in investment between 2019-20 and 2024-25, with nearly half the financing coming from the private sector.
Announced in 2021, this initiative aims to monetize existing public assets (roads, ports, airports…) to generate funds for new investments.
Include Viability Gap Funding (subsidy covering up to 20-30% of cost) and the India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (funds up to 75% of project preparation costs).
Network of specialized entities such as HUDCO, IIFCL, and a comprehensive apparatus of PPP appraisal committees at the national level.
In total, over 1,200 urban and national infrastructure projects have been undertaken through PPPs since the 1990s, for a cumulative investment of nearly ₹25 lakh crores. However, these structures also come with a non-negligible rate of renegotiation and cancellation, especially in water and waste sectors, where political and social risks are high.
Municipal finances in India are fragile, with local tax revenues accounting for only 0.6% of GDP. This weakness, combined with heavy reliance on transfers from the central and state governments, limits their borrowing and investment capacity. The future of urban development will depend on strengthening these finances, improving public-private partnerships (PPPs), and utilizing new financial instruments like municipal bonds or green bonds.
Conclusion: A Decisive Decade for Indian Cities
The upcoming urban development projects in India sketch a map in permanent motion: large-scale affordable housing, metros and rapid corridors, new cities like Amaravati or Dholera, redeveloped riverfronts, local climate plans, industrial corridors, heritage conversions. At the same time, the Smart Cities Mission, while coming to an end, leaves behind a set of practices – command centers, active mobility campaigns, urban digital tools – that now permeate other programs.
This dynamic unfolds in a demanding context: exploding urban population (nearly a billion urban dwellers expected by 2050), extreme land pressure in major metros, national climate ambitions (carbon neutrality by 2070, majority renewable electricity by 2030), and high vulnerability to hazards (extreme heat, floods, cyclones).
For the next decade, the challenges are twofold: to materialize housing projects so they effectively reach vulnerable populations (precarious households, slum dwellers, migrants, informal workers), and to better integrate sectoral policies (housing, transport, climate, heritage, industry) to develop a coherent vision of more compact, better connected, greener, and more inclusive cities.
The stakes are immense. But they match an observation: according to estimates, about 70% of the urban infrastructure India will need for its centenary of independence in 2047 remains to be built. It is through the projects on the table today – and those that will extend this momentum – that the concrete shape of this “new” urban India will be decided.
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Cyril Jarnias is an independent expert in international wealth management with over 20 years of experience. As an expatriate himself, he is dedicated to helping individuals and business leaders build, protect, and pass on their wealth with complete peace of mind.
On his website, cyriljarnias.com, he shares his expertise on international real estate, offshore company formation, and expatriation.
Thanks to his expertise, he offers sound advice to optimize his clients' wealth management. Cyril Jarnias is also recognized for his appearances in many prestigious media outlets such as BFM Business, les Français de l’étranger, Le Figaro, Les Echos, and Mieux vivre votre argent, where he shares his knowledge and know-how in wealth management.
