Published on and written by Cyril Jarnias
The island of Madagascar, known as the Great Island, is a fascinating country brimming with natural and cultural treasures. However, for any expatriate looking to settle there, it is crucial to understand the subtleties of Malagasy culture in order to integrate harmoniously. This article will guide you through the essential cultural differences to know before packing your bags for Madagascar.
“Fihavanana”: The Beating Heart of Malagasy Society
At the core of Malagasy culture lies the concept of “Fihavanana,” a fundamental principle that governs social relationships and behaviors within the community. This concept, difficult to translate literally, encompasses notions of solidarity, mutual respect, and extended family ties.
Respect for elders is a paramount value in Malagasy society. Older people are seen as sources of wisdom and experience, and their opinions are generally highly respected and sought after. As an expatriate, it is important to show respect toward older individuals, whether in a professional or personal context.
The notion of time in Madagascar can differ significantly from that of Western countries. “Mora mora” (literally “slowly slowly”) is a life philosophy that advocates patience and tranquility. Malagasy people tend to take their time and not rush, which can sometimes be confusing for expatriates used to a faster pace of life.
Indirect communication is often preferred in Malagasy culture. Malagasy people generally avoid direct confrontation and prefer to express disagreement or dissatisfaction in subtle ways. It is important to be attentive to non-verbal cues and to read between the lines to understand the true intentions of your interlocutors.
Good to know:
“Fihavanana” is more than just a concept; it is a way of life that influences all aspects of Malagasy society. As an expatriate, striving to understand and embrace this philosophy will greatly aid your integration.
Traditions and Customs: A Dive into the Heart of the Malagasy Soul
Malagasy culture is rich in traditions and customs that reflect the island’s unique history and its blend of African, Asian, and European influences. Understanding these traditions will help you integrate better and avoid cultural missteps.
“Famadihana,” or the turning of the bones, is an important traditional ceremony in some regions of Madagascar. This practice involves exhuming the bodies of ancestors, wrapping them in new shrouds, and then reburying them after a festive celebration. Although this custom may seem strange to outsiders, it is deeply rooted in Malagasy culture and reflects the importance placed on family ties and respect for ancestors.
Music and dance hold a central place in Malagasy cultural life. Traditional instruments like the valiha (bamboo tube zither) and the kabosy (small guitar) are emblematic of Malagasy music. Dance is also ubiquitous, with styles varying by region. Participating in musical events or learning a few traditional dance steps can be an excellent way to immerse yourself in the local culture.
Malagasy gastronomy is a unique blend of flavors influenced by the island’s history. Rice is the staple food, often accompanied by meat, fish, or vegetables. “Romazava” (beef broth with greens) and “ravitoto” (pounded cassava leaves with pork) are iconic dishes to discover. It is important to note that in many regions, refusing food offered by a host is considered rude.
The importance of taboos, or “fady,” is a crucial aspect of Malagasy culture. These prohibitions, which vary by region and community, can relate to specific foods, behaviors, or places. For example, in some areas, it is forbidden to point at tombs or eat pork. It is essential to learn about local “fady” to avoid any cultural blunders.
Good to know:
Malagasy traditions and customs vary considerably from one region to another. It is recommended to ask locals about the specific practices of the area where you are settling to better adapt.
To integrate harmoniously into Malagasy society, it is essential to adopt a respectful and open-minded attitude. Here are some practical tips to avoid cultural faux pas and ease your adaptation:
Learn the basics of the Malagasy language. Although French is widely spoken in major cities, making the effort to learn a few phrases in Malagasy will be greatly appreciated by the local population. It will show your respect for the country’s culture and facilitate your daily interactions.
Adopt appropriate attire. Madagascar is a relatively conservative country when it comes to dress, especially outside tourist areas. It is recommended to dress modestly, avoiding overly revealing clothing. In some sacred places or during traditional ceremonies, you may need to cover up more.
Respect social hierarchies. Malagasy society places great importance on titles and social status. Address people using their title (Mr., Mrs., Doctor, etc.) until invited to do otherwise. In a professional context, it is important to respect the hierarchy and not bypass established communication channels.
Be patient and flexible. As mentioned earlier, the pace of life in Madagascar can be slower than what you are used to. Embrace the “mora mora” philosophy and learn to take things patiently. Flexibility is also crucial, as plans can often change at the last minute.
Participate in community life. Malagasy people place great importance on community life. Taking part in local events, traditional festivals, or community activities is an excellent way to integrate and build bonds with the local population.
Be mindful of gestures and non-verbal communication. In Malagasy culture, certain gestures can have different meanings than in your home culture. For example, pointing with a finger is often considered rude. Carefully observe local behaviors and adapt accordingly.
Respect religious beliefs and practices. Madagascar is a country where various beliefs coexist, including Christianity, Islam, and traditional religions. Be respectful of all religious practices and avoid comments or behaviors that could be perceived as offensive.
Good to know:
Adapting to a new culture takes time. Be patient with yourself and do not hesitate to ask for advice from locals or other expatriates already settled. Their experience can be invaluable for navigating the subtleties of Malagasy culture.
Expatriating to Madagascar is an exciting adventure that offers the opportunity to discover a rich and unique culture. By understanding and respecting Malagasy social norms, traditions, and customs, you will lay the foundation for a successful expatriation experience. Keep in mind that open-mindedness, patience, and respect are the keys to integrating harmoniously into this fascinating society.
Whether you settle in the capital Antananarivo, a coastal city like Toamasina, or a more rural area, each experience will be unique and enriching. Embrace the cultural diversity of Madagascar, learn from its people, and let yourself be immersed in the beauty of this extraordinary island.
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Cyril Jarnias is an independent expert in international wealth management with over 20 years of experience. As an expatriate himself, he is dedicated to helping individuals and business leaders build, protect, and pass on their wealth with complete peace of mind.
On his website, cyriljarnias.com, he shares his expertise on international real estate, offshore company formation, and expatriation.
Thanks to his expertise, he offers sound advice to optimize his clients' wealth management. Cyril Jarnias is also recognized for his appearances in many prestigious media outlets such as BFM Business, les Français de l’étranger, Le Figaro, Les Echos, and Mieux vivre votre argent, where he shares his knowledge and know-how in wealth management.
