Geography of Mauritius: Landforms and Climates

Published on April 23, 2026 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Mauritius, a true tropical paradise nestled in the heart of the Indian Ocean, captivates with its natural beauty and geographical diversity. Let’s explore together the geographical features of this dream destination, from its fine sandy beaches to its lush green mountains.

Geographical Location: An Island in the Heart of the Indian Ocean

Mauritius is located in the southern hemisphere, approximately 2000 km from the East African coast. More specifically, it is situated:

– 855 km east of Madagascar – 200 km northeast of Réunion Island – Approximately 9500 km from mainland France

Geographical Coordinates: The island extends between latitudes 19°58′ and 20°32′ south and longitudes 57°18′ and 57°46′ east, just north of the Tropic of Capricorn.

This geographical location gives Mauritius a pleasant tropical climate year-round, ideal for tourism and agriculture.

Physical Characteristics: A Volcanic Island with Varied Landscapes

Mauritius, of volcanic origin, features varied topography despite its relatively modest size:

– Area: 1865 km², approximately 65 km long by 45 km wide – Coastline: 330 km of coastline, mostly bordered by white sand beaches and protected by a coral reef barrier – Relief: A central plateau surrounded by mountains and coastal plains

The highest point on the island is Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire, rising to 828 meters in altitude in the southwest of the island.

Main Regions and Cities of Mauritius

Mauritius is divided into 9 administrative districts, each offering its own geographical characteristics and attractions:

1. Port Louis (Northwest)

Port Louis, the capital and largest city of Mauritius, is located on the northwest coast of the island. With a population of approximately 150,000, it serves as the country’s economic and administrative center. Its natural deep-water port makes it an important commercial hub for the region.

2. Pamplemousses (North)

This region is famous for its botanical garden, one of the oldest in the southern hemisphere. It also features beautiful beaches like Trou aux Biches.

3. Rivière du Rempart (Northeast)

This region is home to picturesque fishing villages and magnificent beaches like Belle Mare.

4. Flacq (East)

The largest district on the island, Flacq is known for its long white sand beaches and turquoise lagoons. The main town is Centre de Flacq.

5. Grand Port (Southeast)

This historic region is home to Mahébourg, the former colonial capital, and offers spectacular coastal landscapes.

6. Savanne (South)

Savanne is renowned for its wild and preserved landscapes, notably the Seven Colored Earths of Chamarel.

7. Black River (Southwest)

This mountainous region is home to the Black River Gorges National Park and offers breathtaking panoramas of the Indian Ocean.

8. Plaines Wilhems (Center)

This is the most populated region of the island, with important towns like Curepipe, Quatre Bornes, and Vacoas-Phoenix.

9. Moka (Center)

This central region is dominated by the Moka mountain range and is home to the University of Mauritius.

Main Cities of Mauritius

Besides Port Louis, the main cities of Mauritius are:

– Beau Bassin-Rose Hill: Second most populated city, located in the Plaines Wilhems district – Vacoas-Phoenix: Third largest city by population, also in Plaines Wilhems – Curepipe: Located on the central plateau, known for its cooler climate – Quatre Bornes: Nicknamed the “City of Flowers,” it is an important commercial center

Neighboring Countries and Associated Territories

Mauritius is an island nation with no land borders. Its closest neighbors are:

– Réunion (France): 200 km to the southwest – Madagascar: 855 km to the west – Seychelles: Approximately 1700 km to the north

Additionally, the Republic of Mauritius includes several associated territories:

– Rodrigues Island: located 560 km east of the main island – Agaléga Archipelago: two small islands 1100 km to the north – Saint Brandon Archipelago: a group of islets and reefs 430 km to the northeast

The geography of Mauritius, with its paradise beaches, lush green mountains, and turquoise lagoons, makes it a premier tourist destination. Its strategic position in the Indian Ocean also gives it an important role in regional maritime trade.