Guide to Religious Practices for Expats in Brunei

Published on August 1, 2026 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Brunei, a small sultanate located on the island of Borneo, is a country where Islam plays a central role in daily life and institutions. For expatriates settling in this country, it is essential to understand local religious practices in order to integrate harmoniously and respect the local culture. This article will guide you through the main religious characteristics of Brunei, their impact on daily life, and the necessary adaptations for expatriates.

The Religious Landscape of Brunei

Brunei is an Islamic monarchy where Sunni Islam of the Shafi’i school is the official religion. According to recent statistics, approximately 67% of the population is Muslim, while other major religions include Buddhism (13%), Christianity (10%), and traditional Chinese beliefs.

Islam at the Heart of Bruneian Society

Islam deeply permeates daily life in Brunei. The Sultan, who is also the Prime Minister, is considered the guardian of the faith and the religious leader of the country. The national philosophy “Melayu Islam Beraja” (Malay Islamic Monarchy) underscores the importance of Islam in national identity and governance.

In 2014, Brunei introduced a penal code based on Sharia law, which applies to all residents, Muslims and non-Muslims alike, including expatriates. Although some controversial provisions were suspended following international pressure, this legal code reflects the importance given to Islam in Bruneian society.

Impact of Religious Practices on Daily Life

For expatriates, it is crucial to understand how religious practices influence daily life in Brunei:

Daily Rhythm Adapted to Prayers

Muslims pray five times a day, and these prayer times often structure the workday and social activities. It is common to see prayer breaks in businesses and government offices. Expatriates should be aware of these breaks and respect them, even if they are not Muslim themselves.

Dress Codes

Brunei encourages a modest dress code, particularly for women. Although non-Muslim women are not required to wear the hijab, it is recommended to dress conservatively, covering the shoulders and knees.

Dietary Restrictions

The consumption of alcohol is strictly prohibited in Brunei, including for non-Muslims. Restaurants and supermarkets do not sell alcohol. Additionally, halal food is the norm, and it can be difficult to find pork or pork-derived products.

Major Religious Holidays and Their Impact

The religious calendar in Brunei is punctuated by several important holidays that affect daily and professional life:

Ramadan

The holy month of Ramadan is a period of fasting for Muslims. During this time, working hours are often reduced, and many restaurants are closed during the day. Non-Muslims are asked to refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public out of respect for those who are fasting.

Hari Raya Aidilfitri (Eid al-Fitr)

This holiday marks the end of Ramadan and is celebrated with great fervor in Brunei. Offices and businesses may be closed for several days. It is a time of family gatherings and sharing.

Hari Raya Aidiladha (Eid al-Adha)

This holiday commemorates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son. It is marked by special prayers and the sharing of meat with the poor and neighbors.

Maulud Nabi (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday)

This celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammad is marked by processions and recitations of the Quran.

Necessary Adaptations for Expatriates

To integrate harmoniously into Bruneian society, expatriates must show respect and adaptability:

Respect for Local Practices

Even if you are not Muslim, it is important to respect local religious practices. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during Ramadan, and be mindful of prayer times.

Cultural Sensitivity

Familiarize yourself with local customs and taboos. For example, avoid public displays of affection, even between married couples.

Participation in Celebrations

Participating in local celebrations, when appropriate, can be an excellent way to integrate and understand Bruneian culture. Many Bruneians appreciate sharing their traditions with foreigners.

Religious Freedom and Practice of Other Religions

Although Islam is the official religion, Brunei’s Constitution guarantees the freedom to practice other religions, provided this is done peacefully and harmoniously. However, there are certain restrictions:

Restrictions on Proselytizing

Proselytizing for any religion other than Islam is strictly prohibited. Non-Muslims cannot share their faith with Muslims.

Limited Places of Worship

Non-Muslim places of worship are limited, and their construction is subject to restrictions. Existing churches are allowed to operate, but no new churches have been permitted for decades.

Discreet Celebrations

Celebrations of non-Muslim holidays, such as Christmas, must remain discreet and not be displayed publicly.

For expatriates wishing to practice their own religion, it is important to inquire with existing religious communities to learn about available places of worship and permitted practices.

Resources for Expatriates

For expatriates seeking to better understand and navigate Brunei’s religious landscape, several resources are available:

– Embassies and consulates: They can provide valuable information on local practices and expatriate rights.

– Expatriate communities: Online groups and forums for expatriates in Brunei are excellent sources of practical information and support.

– Cultural associations: Some cultural associations organize events and seminars to help expatriates understand local culture and religion.

– Local guides: Local cultural guides can offer unique insights into Brunei’s religious practices and customs.

Conclusion

Understanding and respecting local religious practices is essential for a successful expatriation experience in Brunei. Although the country is governed by strict Islamic laws, it also offers a peaceful and safe environment for expatriates who know how to adapt and respect local customs.

By showing open-mindedness, respect, and cultural sensitivity, expatriates can not only integrate harmoniously into Bruneian society but also enrich their own understanding of different religious and cultural practices.