Culinary Guide: Local Gastronomy in Japan

Published on April 26, 2026 and written by Cyril Jarnias

Moving to Japan means diving into a fascinating culinary universe, rich in flavors and traditions. Japanese cuisine, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, is much more than just food: it’s an art of living, a philosophy that deeply permeates Japanese culture. For expats newly arrived in the archipelago, discovering this local cuisine is an exciting adventure that opens the door to a better understanding of Japanese society.

The Fundamentals of Japanese Cuisine

Japanese cuisine is based on fundamental principles that set it apart from other world cuisines. The harmony of flavors, the freshness of ingredients, and the aesthetic presentation of dishes are at the heart of this millennia-old culinary tradition.

The Japanese place great importance on the seasonality of food, a concept known as “shun.” Each season brings its own fresh produce and specialties, allowing for variety throughout the year. For example, spring is the ideal season to enjoy sakura mochi (rice cakes wrapped in cherry leaves), while autumn is perfect for savoring roasted chestnuts.

Umami, that fifth flavor so characteristic of Japanese cuisine, is omnipresent in many dishes. It is found notably in dashi, a broth made from kombu seaweed and dried bonito flakes, which serves as a base for many preparations.

Japanese cooking techniques are also unique. Tempura, that light and crispy fry, or teppanyaki, cooking on a hot plate, are methods that enhance ingredients while preserving their natural flavors.

Iconic Dishes to Discover

For an expat in Japan, culinary discovery inevitably involves tasting the country’s iconic dishes. Here are some must-tries not to be missed:

• Sushi and sashimi: These raw fish preparations are probably the most well-known internationally. In Japan, you’ll discover an impressive variety of fish and seafood, prepared with unparalleled skill.
• Ramen: These noodles served in a flavorful broth are true comfort food. Each region has its specialty, from Fukuoka’s tonkotsu (pork broth) to Sapporo’s miso ramen.
• Okonomiyaki: Often described as a “Japanese pizza,” this dish is actually a savory pancake made with cabbage and various ingredients, cooked on a hot plate and topped with sauce.
• Wagyu: This high-quality Japanese beef, recognizable by its characteristic marbling, is a must for meat lovers.
• Tofu: Far from bland, Japanese tofu comes in many varieties and preparations, from yudofu (boiled tofu) to agedashi tofu (fried tofu).

Let’s not forget the drinks that accompany these delicious dishes. Sake, of course, but also green tea in all its forms, from ceremonial matcha to everyday sencha, are an integral part of the Japanese culinary experience.

Traditional Markets: An Immersion in Food Culture

To truly understand Japanese cuisine, nothing beats a visit to traditional markets. These bustling places are veritable Aladdin’s caves for foodies and the curious.

Tsukiji Market in Tokyo, although the fish market has moved to Toyosu, remains a must-visit. You can still find many stalls offering fresh produce, traditional kitchen utensils, and restaurants serving the best sushi in the capital.

In Kyoto, Nishiki Market, nicknamed “Kyoto’s Kitchen,” stretches over several streets. It’s the ideal place to discover local specialties like yuba (tofu skin) or tsukemono (pickled vegetables).

In these markets, expats can not only buy quality ingredients but also observe local eating habits and perhaps even pick up some preparation tips from the vendors.

Iconic Restaurants: From Tradition to Modernity

Japan is a paradise for food lovers, with a restaurant offering ranging from street stalls to Michelin-starred establishments. For expats looking to explore local cuisine, here are some types of restaurants not to be missed:

• Izakayas: These Japanese taverns are perfect for discovering a wide variety of small dishes in a relaxed atmosphere. It’s also a chance to try different sakes and local beers.
• Kaiseki restaurants: For a high-end gastronomic experience, these establishments offer elaborate tasting menus showcasing seasonal products.
• Yatai: These street stalls, particularly popular in Fukuoka, offer simple but tasty food, ideal for immersing yourself in local culture.
• Sushi restaurants: From intimate counters to conveyor belt sushi chains, there’s something for every taste and budget.

Don’t hesitate to venture off the beaten path and try restaurants recommended by your Japanese colleagues or neighbors. It’s often in these small local establishments that the best culinary surprises are hidden.

Table Etiquette: Codes to Know

Japanese cuisine is not limited to the dishes; it also encompasses a whole set of codes and rituals that are important to know to fully integrate.

In a family or friendly context, the atmosphere is generally relaxed. However, some basic rules should be respected:

• Say “itadakimasu” before starting to eat and “gochisousama deshita” at the end of the meal to give thanks.
• Use chopsticks correctly: never stick them vertically into rice (this recalls funeral rites) and do not use them to pass food from one pair of chopsticks to another.
• Lift your bowl of rice or soup to eat, don’t lean over it.

In a professional or formal context, the rules are stricter:

• Wait for the most important or oldest person to start eating before you begin.
• Don’t pour your own drink; let others do it for you and do the same for them.
• Avoid eating while walking; it’s considered rude.

Finding International Ingredients: Balancing World and Local Cuisine

Although Japanese cuisine is delicious, it’s natural for an expat to sometimes want to cook dishes from their home country. Fortunately, it’s becoming increasingly easy to find international ingredients in Japan, especially in big cities.

Supermarkets like Seijo Ishii or Kaldi Coffee Farm offer a wide range of imported products. In Tokyo, the Hiroo neighborhood is known for its international grocery stores. Major chains like Costco also offer many Western products.

For fresh produce, farmers’ markets held regularly in parks in major cities are an excellent option. You’ll often find stalls run by expats offering specialties from their home countries.

Don’t hesitate to explore online options. Sites like iHerb or The Meat Guy deliver throughout Japan and offer a wide variety of products that are hard to find in stores.

Contemporary Culinary Trends in Japan

Japanese cuisine, though rooted in centuries-old traditions, is not static. It constantly evolves, influenced by global trends and local innovations.

Culinary fusion is very much in vogue, with chefs blending Japanese techniques and foreign influences. Dishes like the “sushi burrito” or “ramen burger” are emerging.

The farm-to-table movement is gaining popularity, with more and more restaurants highlighting local and seasonal products. It’s an opportunity to discover unique ingredients specific to each region of Japan.

Themed cafes, another Japanese specialty, offer original culinary experiences. From cat cafes to robot restaurants, to establishments inspired by popular manga, there’s something for everyone.

Finally, vegan and vegetarian cuisine, long marginal in Japan, is starting to carve out a place, especially in big cities. This is a trend to follow for expats mindful of their diet.

Conclusion: Gastronomy, the Key to Integration

Discovering local cuisine is an essential aspect of the expat experience in Japan. It allows you not only to satisfy your taste buds but also to better understand Japanese culture and society.

By exploring markets, frequenting local restaurants, and learning to cook a few Japanese dishes, expats can build connections with their colleagues and neighbors, improving their integration. Food is a universal language, and in Japan, it’s a privileged means of communication and sharing.

Remember that learning about local cuisine is an ongoing process. Each season, each region, each encounter can be an opportunity to discover new flavors and new culinary traditions. Stay curious, open-minded, and don’t hesitate to ask locals for advice. They will generally be delighted to share their passion for their cuisine with you.

Finally, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. The Japanese are generally understanding towards foreigners who make an effort to discover their culture. Your enthusiasm and genuine interest in their cuisine will always be appreciated.