Published on and written by Cyril Jarnias
Moving to Slovenia as an expat means enjoying a safe, green country with a very high quality of life index… as well as a robust healthcare system, both public and private. To make the most of it, you need to understand how it works, what your insurance obligations are, what is actually reimbursed, and in which cases international or private coverage becomes essential.
This article details the Slovenian healthcare system, mandatory insurance rules, available medical facilities, and specific procedures for expatriates, whether they are EU or non-EU nationals.
Understanding the Slovenian Healthcare System
Slovenia has a nationalized healthcare system based on social health insurance, similar to what exists in other European countries. It is designed to offer nearly universal coverage, with high-quality care, well-equipped hospitals, and a dense network of health centers.
The healthcare system combines a significant public sector, funded by mandatory contributions, and a growing private sector. The latter helps reduce waiting times and provides access to more personalized services, highly appreciated by expatriates.
A Three-Tier Architecture
Medical care is organized into three tiers, easy to identify for a newcomer:
– primary care: general practitioners (family medicine), pediatricians, gynecologists, dentists, community health centers
– secondary care: specialists (cardiologists, orthopedists, dermatologists, psychiatrists, etc.), general hospitals
– tertiary care: major university centers and highly specialized clinics (onco‑hematology, major surgery, intensive care, complex rehabilitation)
In Slovenia, the healthcare system is overseen by the Ministry of Health. The Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia (ZZZS) is responsible for managing mandatory health insurance and the insurance card.
Nearly Universal Coverage
Almost all permanent Slovenian residents — including expatriates with regular status — are enrolled in the mandatory health insurance scheme. This public foundation is designed to guarantee everyone access to essential and emergency care.
However, coverage is not comprehensive: many services (specialists, hospitalization, certain medications, dental procedures) are only partially reimbursed, hence the importance of supplementary or international insurance for foreigners.
Health Insurance in Slovenia: Mandatory, Supplementary, and Private
To understand your rights and obligations, you need to distinguish three very different levels of insurance: mandatory Slovenian insurance, local supplementary insurance, and private / international insurance favored by many expatriates.
Mandatory Health Insurance (Compulsory Health Insurance)
Mandatory health insurance is the cornerstone of the system. It is managed solely by the ZZZS, a public non-profit organization. Any legally registered resident who works or has a right to long-term residence is expected to be enrolled.
This insurance covers:
– general practitioner consultations
– most specialist consultations (with a referral from your primary care physician)
– emergencies and hospitalization in life-threatening situations
– a large part of laboratory tests and imaging
– pregnancy, childbirth, and basic perinatal care
– a portion of prescribed medications
– certain basic dental care (especially for children)
– screening programs (colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer)
– mandatory childhood vaccinations
For many healthcare services, mandatory insurance only reimburses a percentage of the cost. The remaining expenses are the patient’s responsibility or must be covered by supplementary insurance.
Who Contributes and How Much?
Contributions are deducted from income, from both the employer and the employee. The typical distribution is as follows:
| Contributor | Mandatory Health Insurance Contribution Rate* |
|---|---|
| Employer | ≈ 6.56 % |
| Employee | ≈ 6.36 % |
| Total (employer + employee) | ≈ 13.45 % |
– for the health insurance portion, on gross income. Other social charges exist in parallel.
Self-employed individuals must also pay a percentage of their income into the system. Contributions include coverage for dependent children and dependent ascendants living in the household.
Starting in 2024, an additional flat-rate monthly contribution was introduced to fund what was previously a private supplementary insurance. For an adult, this amount is set at €35 per month in 2024, with plans to adjust according to the national average gross salary.
The Health Insurance Card
Once registered with the ZZZS, you receive a health insurance card (ZZZS card) issued free of charge the first time. This card is essential: you must present it at every consultation (doctor, dentist, hospital) and at the pharmacy to benefit from the regulated rate and reimbursements.
In case of loss or damage, a paid duplicate is required if the previous card is less than ten years old.
Slovenian Supplementary Insurance
For a long time, supplementary insurance — called voluntary — was optional but highly recommended. It served to cover all or part of the difference between the total cost of care and the portion reimbursed by mandatory insurance.
Amount of the fixed monthly payment to the public healthcare system since 2024.
Until the end of 2023, this supplementary insurance was sold by private insurers like Vzajemna, Triglav, or Generali (ex Adriatic Slovenica). Old contracts are no longer funded, as financing is now taken over by the additional public contribution.
For an expatriate, the key idea remains: without this supplementary level, mandatory insurance would cover only about 55% of the value of many medical procedures, leaving the rest to your charge.
Children and students under 26 enrolled in a regular program benefit from very broad coverage through the mandatory system, without having to pay this monthly contribution.
Private and International Insurance: The Expat Choice
Many expatriates, especially those from outside the EU, are not satisfied with Slovenian public coverage alone. They opt for local private insurance or, more often, international health insurance which:
A private health insurer in Slovenia offers significant benefits to complement the public system. Here are its main guarantees:
Covers co-payments, extra fees, and procedures not reimbursed by the Slovenian public system.
Provides access to a network of private clinics, allowing for significantly reduced waiting times.
Typically includes more generous packages for dental care, vision, and maternity.
Sometimes offers worldwide coverage (excluding or including the United States), essential for frequent travelers.
Provides major benefits like medical evacuation or sanitary repatriation in case of emergency.
Among the international insurers recommended for expatriates in Slovenia are Cigna Global, Allianz Care, AXA, Bupa Global, as well as specialized brokers like Pacific Prime or Expat Financial.
The best-known Slovenian private insurers are Zavarovalnica Triglav, Adriatic Slovenica/Generali, or Vzajemna, which offer supplementary or “premium” products beyond the public foundation.
The cost of these policies varies greatly depending on age, extent of coverage, number of people to insure, and medical history. Estimates often mention around €40 per month for an expatriate, but high-end international plans easily exceed €100 monthly.
Rights and Access to Care Based on Your Status
The rules for accessing care in Slovenia depend closely on your nationality, length of stay, and status (worker, student, asylum seeker, etc.).
Here are the main categories to know.
EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens
If you are a citizen of the European Union, the European Economic Area, or Switzerland, the key for a temporary stay is the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) or the UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC).
This card allows access to medically necessary care during your stay in Slovenia, under the same pricing conditions as Slovenian residents. It is not a card for free care: you pay the same co-payments as a local insured person.
With the EHIC, the following are covered:
– urgent and unforeseen care (accidents, sudden illnesses)
– necessary treatments related to a pre-existing chronic condition
– pregnancy and childbirth care if these are not planned in Slovenia
On the other hand, the following are not covered via the EHIC:
In Slovenia, to benefit from health insurance coverage, prior authorization from the ZZZS (Health Insurance Institute) is mandatory for several types of care. This includes scheduled care like planned surgery or long-term treatments, as well as a delivery specifically organized on Slovenian territory. Furthermore, care received in the private sector, when the facility or healthcare professional does not have a contract with the ZZZS, also requires this prior authorization to be reimbursed.
For a long-term move (residence, work), an EU citizen must register in Slovenia and then enroll in the Slovenian mandatory scheme, like a local resident.
Non-EU Expatriates: Visa, Permit, and Mandatory Insurance
Non-EU/EEA nationals must have sufficient health insurance to obtain a long-stay visa or residence permit in Slovenia.
For a visa, authorities require proof of private coverage, valid in Slovenian territory and covering, at minimum, medical emergencies and hospitalization, often with a defined financial limit. International insurers like Cigna Global, Allianz Care, AXA, or Bupa are generally accepted.
Once on the ground:
If you work for a Slovenian employer, they register you and pay the contributions (≈13.45% of gross salary), giving you access to the public system. As a self-employed individual, you must register and pay your contributions yourself. If you are an inactive resident (retiree, spouse, digital nomad), private insurance covering Slovenia is mandatory for your residence permit; enrollment in public insurance depends on your situation.
In all cases, non‑EU citizens are strongly encouraged to take out comprehensive international health insurance from the start, as direct access to the public scheme can be more complex and slower for certain categories.
Foreign Students
The student status receives special treatment.
Conditions for accessing the Slovenian healthcare system vary based on the student’s nationality. EU/EEA/Swiss nationals use their EHIC for a limited stay, then can integrate into the local system. Australians benefit from bilateral agreements via their MEDICARE card. Some Balkan countries have dedicated forms. Other international students must enroll in Slovenian mandatory insurance (over €120/month) and are strongly advised to supplement it with private insurance to cover extra costs and repatriation.
Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Uninsured Persons
Individuals applying for asylum in Slovenia are entitled to:
– emergency medical and dental assistance
– treatment for serious illnesses and mental disorders
– emergency medical transport
A nurse is present daily in the main asylum center in Ljubljana‑Vič. Female asylum seekers are entitled to contraception, pregnancy, and childbirth care comparable to that of Slovenian nationals.
Refugees and beneficiaries of international protection are entitled to mandatory health insurance and receive an insurance card, aligning them with standard Slovenian insured persons.
Uninsured persons, including some migrants in irregular situations, in principle only have access to emergency care. However, several Pro Bono clinics (Ljubljana, Koper, Nova Gorica, Maribor…) and NGOs like WAHA International, IOM Slovenia, KROG, or PIC provide basic care free of charge or at very low cost.
How to Access Healthcare Daily in Slovenia
Once settled, the first step to navigating the system is to choose your primary care physician and understand when to use the public, private, or telemedicine sector.
Choosing Your General Practitioner, Pediatrician, and Gynecologist
Any adult with mandatory insurance can select:
– a general practitioner / family doctor
– a dentist
– a gynecologist (for women)
Children up to age 19 can choose a pediatrician and a pediatric dentist. In practice, this formality is done by contacting a community health center (“zdravstveni dom”) or a private practice under contract, and asking if the doctor is accepting new patients.
Be aware, however: some regions, especially Ljubljana, face a shortage of family doctors and pediatricians. The Ljubljana Community Health Center has already stated it can no longer register new preschool-age children due to insufficient doctors. Recently arrived expatriates may therefore sometimes need to:
– expand their search to surrounding municipalities
– accept initial follow-up in a private clinic
– get on a waiting list in the public sector
Appointments are generally made by phone, in person, or by email. It’s important to note that the email addresses of the centers are intended exclusively for booking appointments and should not be used for online medical consultations.
Access to Specialists and Hospitals
To see a specialist in the public system, a classic scheme applies:
– you consult your general practitioner (or pediatrician, gynecologist)
– if they deem it necessary, they write a referral letter
– you make an appointment at a specialized department or hospital with a contract with the ZZZS
Exceptions: you can consult an ophthalmologist (for glasses or contacts) and a psychiatrist without a referral.
Hospitalization (non-urgent) also requires a referral letter and a scheduled appointment. In a life-threatening emergency, you can of course be admitted directly via the emergency room (“urgenca”).
Waiting times for certain major tests or highly sought-after specialties can, however, reach several months, which largely explains the widespread use of the private sector or international insurance by expatriates.
Pharmacies, Medications, and Vaccinations
Pharmacies are easily recognizable by the green cross symbol. The network is dense, and every major city has at least one 24-hour emergency pharmacy.
Medications fall into two main categories:
– those dispensed only by prescription (antibiotics, chronic treatments, etc.)
– those available over-the-counter (analgesics, antitussives, etc.)
Depending on the official list (“positive list“), some medications are fully reimbursed, others partially. For an insured person with only mandatory coverage, the patient’s share can vary between 30% and 90% of the price. Medications for long-term chronic conditions are generally covered at 100%.
Prescriptions are valid for 30 days in principle, and only 3 days for certain antibiotics in acute situations.
Mandatory childhood vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B) are free and mandatory for enrollment in daycare or school. The vaccination schedule is published annually by the National Institute of Public Health (NIJZ). Recommended vaccinations (pneumococcal, HPV, tick-borne encephalitis, flu, etc.) complete the offering.
For adults, a tetanus‑diphtheria booster every ten years is advised. Vaccinations against seasonal flu and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are also recommended, especially for expatriates engaging in outdoor activities, as TBE is common in rural and forested areas.
Dental Care: A Sensitive Expense
As in many OECD countries, dental care represents a significant expense often poorly reimbursed. In Slovenia:
– children benefit from a good level of coverage, with annual preventive visits and common procedures covered
– for adults, mandatory insurance only reimburses a limited portion of care (basic restorative care), while prosthetics, implants, cosmetic, or orthodontic procedures remain largely the patient’s responsibility
Many dentists practice in private offices, sometimes without a contract with the ZZZS. In that case, you pay the full bill.
Expatriates are well-advised to check if their international insurance includes a structured dental component (routine care, major procedures, orthodontics for children…) and to request written quotes before any significant treatment.
As a guide, at a reputable private dental clinic in Ljubljana, some advertised prices are around:
| Dental Procedure (example private clinic) | Indicative Price (€) |
|---|---|
| Standard Scaling / Cleaning | 60 |
| Deep Scaling (per quadrant) | 50 |
| Laser Whitening | 280 |
| Composite (Filling) | 60 |
| Simple Extraction | 60 |
| Ceramo‑Metal Crown | 250 |
| Zirconia or All-Ceramic Crown | 350 |
| Standard Titanium Implant | 600 |
| Crown on Implant | 350 |
Since implantology, prosthetics, and cosmetic procedures are little or not reimbursed by the public system, international insurance or a dedicated savings reserve quickly becomes essential.
Hospitals, Health Centers, and Private Clinics
For an expatriate, it is reassuring to know that in Slovenia, almost everywhere is less than 20 km from a primary care center. The country has about 64 main health centers and 69 health stations, in addition to 29 hospitals.
The Main Public Hospitals
Among the major reference institutions, we can cite:
| Institution | Main Role and Service Area |
|---|---|
| University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL) | Largest hospital in the country, national university center, major surgery, oncology, intensive care, major emergencies |
| University Medical Centre Maribor (UMCM) | Second major university center, specialized notably in endocrinology, diabetes, surgery, and pediatrics |
| Celje General Hospital | Important general hospital for central Slovenia, surgery, internal medicine, emergencies |
| Ptuj General Hospital | General hospital for the eastern part of the country, primary and secondary care, emergencies |
Alongside these, there are specialized psychiatric hospitals, a musculoskeletal hospital (a major rehabilitation center), two maternity hospitals, two pulmonary hospitals, and two orthopedic hospitals.
The Primary Care Network
Community health centers (“zdravstveni dom”) provide:
Discover the range of healthcare services offered to meet your common and specific medical needs.
General consultations for family health follow-up and treatment of common illnesses.
Specialized medical care and follow-up for children and adolescents.
Consultations dedicated to women’s health, gynecological follow-up, and contraception advice.
Immediate care for non-life-threatening issues requiring prompt attention (wounds, sprains, etc.).
Certain consultations and dental treatments to maintain good oral health.
Occupational medicine services, health check-ups, and prevention initiatives for workplace wellbeing.
Among important urban centers, we can cite the health centers in Ljubljana, Maribor, Kranj, Celje, Koper, Nova Gorica, or Tolmin, each covering their catchment area with multidisciplinary teams.
The Private Sector: More Expensive, but Faster
The private sector has developed significantly, especially in larger cities. A few examples frequently used by expatriates:
A selection of private clinics and medical centers in Slovenia, recognized for their specialties and quality of service.
Private clinic specializing in diagnostics, offering quick turnaround for imaging and specialized exams.
Private multi-specialty medical center, often noted for its English-speaking staff availability.
Reputed orthopedic hospital, notably for hip and knee replacements and spinal surgery.
Network including Doktor 24, Artros (orthopedics), MORELA (ophthalmology), and numerous high-end dental practices.
Private consultations typically cost between €50 and €120. Without private or international insurance, these amounts remain entirely your responsibility. On the other hand, waiting times are generally much shorter than in the public sector, and the proportion of English-speaking doctors is significantly higher.
Emergencies, Useful Numbers, and Procedures in a Crisis
Slovenian emergency services are considered reliable and responsive, with relatively short ambulance response times.
Emergency Numbers to Know
The main numbers are standardized:
| Type of Service | Number to Dial |
|---|---|
| General Emergency (all services) | 112 |
| Ambulance / Rescue | 144 |
| Fire Department | 122 |
| Police | 133 |
| Mountain Rescue | 140 |
In a life-threatening situation — serious accident, respiratory distress, acute chest pain, suspected stroke, etc. — call 112. The operator will direct you to the appropriate services (ambulance, fire department, police, mountain rescue).
Hospital emergency rooms (“urgenca“) operate 24/7. For example:
– in Ljubljana, adult emergencies are located within the University Medical Centre (Bohoričeva ulica entrance)
– in Maribor, a dedicated emergency service operates within the University Medical Centre Maribor
Emergency care is provided immediately, without requiring proof of insurance upfront. For uninsured patients or those without an established right, a bill corresponding to the actual cost of care will be issued later. For insured individuals (including via the European Health Insurance Card), emergency care is covered 100% under mandatory insurance.
Dental Emergencies and Emergency Pharmacies
Emergency dental services are available in larger cities, but often with a surcharge in the evening or at night. The numbers for on-call dental practices are provided by health centers and institutional websites.
For medications, every major city has at least one emergency pharmacy open continuously. It is advisable to identify in advance the address of the emergency pharmacy closest to your home.
Specifics for Pregnant Women and Expatriate Families
Having a child in Slovenia as an expatriate requires good preparation, but the system offers a level of care close to Western European standards.
Pregnancy Follow-up and Childbirth
Pregnant women insured under the mandatory scheme are entitled to:
– ten scheduled prenatal check-ups
– at least two reimbursed ultrasounds
– follow-up by a gynecologist/obstetrician in town or at the hospital
Childbirth takes place in hospital maternity wards. Hospitalization for about three days is common, barring complications.
Partners are generally allowed to be present during childbirth, sometimes for an extra fee. Postnatal care, including breastfeeding support and the newborn’s first medical check-ups, is covered by mandatory health insurance.
For expatriate women covered only by private international insurance, it is crucial to verify:
– the waiting period for maternity coverage (often 10 to 12 months before conception)
– the reimbursement limit for pregnancy and childbirth
– coverage for obstetric complications and potential extended hospitalizations
– the duration and extent of coverage for the newborn (sometimes limited to a few days if not added to the contract in time)
In Slovenia, costs related to maternity (hospitalization, C-section, NICU stay, etc.) can be very high if not covered by insurance. It is therefore strongly recommended to plan for this coverage from the start of the pregnancy project to avoid unexpected expenses.
Pediatrics and Children’s Health
Children of expatriates integrated into mandatory insurance benefit from: access to healthcare, coverage of medical costs, and benefits in case of hospitalization.
– preventive pediatric check-ups at specific ages (infant, toddler, school age)
– free mandatory vaccinations
– coverage for necessary consultations and hospitalizations
– specific treatments for children with chronic illnesses
In practice, many expatriate families supplement this with international insurance that covers:
– care not covered or only partially reimbursed (certain medications, dental care, speech therapy, etc.)
– consultations in the English-speaking private sector
– access to specialized pediatric experts without excessively long waiting lists
– medical evacuations or repatriation if necessary
How to Choose Your Coverage When Moving to Slovenia?
Faced with this complex structure, the key question for every expatriate is: what combination of insurance do I really need? The answer depends on your status, your expectations regarding comfort, and your tolerance for financial risk.
Some Typical Profiles
We can outline a few common scenarios.
EU Citizen Expatriate Employee, on Local Contract
You will generally be enrolled in the Slovenian mandatory scheme by your employer, with a ZZZS card. Your employer will pay the legal contribution, and you will bear your share. You will also contribute, directly or indirectly, to the supplementary monthly fee.
In this case:
– public coverage is good for essential care
– the question remains of waiting times and non-covered services (dental, hospital comfort, private care, evacuation)
Many employees in this situation also take out:
– international or private insurance for private care, dental, vision, enhanced maternity
– or, at a minimum, travel/evacuation insurance for trips outside Slovenia
For a non-EU expatriate employee on a local Slovenian contract, international insurance is almost essential, especially in the first year. It is often required to obtain the visa and covers the transition period before full access to social rights in Slovenia is established.
Digital Nomad or Non-EU Self-Employed Individual
Without a local contract, direct access to mandatory insurance can be trickier and depends on your type of visa/residence permit. A robust international health insurance plan then becomes your main safety net, ideally including:
– routine care and hospitalization in Slovenia
– medical evacuation and repatriation
– coverage in other European countries you travel to
– dental and vision if needed
International Student
Depending on your country of origin, you may:
– use your EHIC (EU/EEA/Switzerland) for a short stay
– be integrated into the Slovenian scheme for a specific contribution (case of long-term non-EU students)
– or rely primarily on private international student insurance
The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and the Slovenian health scheme do not cover repatriation costs or certain ancillary expenses, like specialized medical transport. Taking out supplementary private insurance is therefore recommended for comprehensive coverage.
Questions to Ask Yourself Before Choosing
Rather than comparing only prices, it’s useful to examine:
– deductibles and caps per type of care (hospitalization, consultations, dental, maternity…)
– coverage for pre-existing conditions (in Slovenia, the public scheme must cover them, but private insurance may impose waiting periods or exclusions)
– coverage outside Slovenia (frequent travel, trips home, business trips)
– the possibility of direct billing (cashless) in major Slovenian hospitals
– coverage activation periods (often 1 to 2 weeks for a private policy, longer for specific sections like maternity)
– the availability of 24/7 customer support in English or French
A broker specializing in expatriate insurance can save time: they compare offers and help you decipher the clauses, at no additional cost to you (they are paid by the insurer).
Practical Tips for Managing Your Health as an Expatriate in Slovenia
Beyond insurance rules, a few habits greatly facilitate daily medical life.
Before Departure
– schedule a comprehensive medical check-up in your home country
– prepare a medical file in English (or Slovenian if possible): medical history, allergies, current treatments, recent test results
– check the legality of your medications in the EU and prepare a named prescription for each, in original packaging
– bring a reasonable supply (often up to 3 months) of chronic treatments, respecting customs rules
– take out suitable international health insurance for your project (duration, countries covered, possibly maternity)
Upon Arrival in Slovenia
– quickly obtain a Slovenian tax number and your residence/work documents
– go to a ZZZS office to verify your rights and request your insurance card if you are entitled to one
– choose a family doctor and a dentist, inquiring about their language level (especially English)
– identify the nearest reference hospital and emergency pharmacy to your home
– save the main emergency numbers (112, 144, etc.) in your phone
On a Daily Basis
– prioritize scheduled appointments for non-urgent care, via phone or email
– always keep your ZZZS card with you, as well as, if applicable, your EHIC and your private insurer’s card
– request written quotes for expensive private care (surgery, dental, obstetrics), and verify coverage with your insurer before confirming
– monitor screening and vaccination campaigns, especially for cancers (colorectal, breast, cervical) and TBE if you frequent wooded areas
In Summary
Healthcare for expatriates in Slovenia fits within a highly structured framework: a high-performing but sometimes saturated public national system, clear mandatory insurance rules, a dynamic private sector, and a strong presence of international insurers.
For an expatriate, the winning combination often looks like this:
For complete health protection in Slovenia, it is recommended to rely on the public system for essential care, prevention, and emergencies. Then, take out international or private insurance to cover areas not included, such as dental care, advanced maternity, medical evacuation, hospital comfort, or quick access to private care. It is crucial to know your rights precisely based on your status (EU citizen, non-EU, student, employee, self-employed) and anticipate the specific needs of the family, especially for pregnancy, pediatrics, or chronic illnesses.
By taking the time to understand this landscape from the moment you settle in, you can transform a potentially stressful topic — healthcare abroad — into a managed framework that allows you to fully enjoy your expatriate life in Slovenia.
Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or professional advice. We encourage you to consult qualified experts before making any investment, real estate, or expatriation decisions. Although we strive to maintain up-to-date and accurate information, we do not guarantee the completeness, accuracy, or timeliness of the proposed content. As investment and expatriation involve risks, we disclaim any liability for potential losses or damages arising from the use of this site. Your use of this site confirms your acceptance of these terms and your understanding of the associated risks.
Cyril Jarnias is an independent expert in international wealth management with over 20 years of experience. As an expatriate himself, he is dedicated to helping individuals and business leaders build, protect, and pass on their wealth with complete peace of mind.
On his website, cyriljarnias.com, he shares his expertise on international real estate, offshore company formation, and expatriation.
Thanks to his expertise, he offers sound advice to optimize his clients' wealth management. Cyril Jarnias is also recognized for his appearances in many prestigious media outlets such as BFM Business, les Français de l’étranger, Le Figaro, Les Echos, and Mieux vivre votre argent, where he shares his knowledge and know-how in wealth management.
